Association between microcephaly and hearing disorders in children exposed or suspected of exposure to the Zika virus during the intrauterine period.

This study aimed to evaluate the association between microcephaly and hearing disorders in children with exposed or suspected exposure to Zika virus (ZIKV) during the intrauterine period. In this cross-sectional study, we enrolled children exposed or suspected of being exposed to ZIKV during intrauterine period, admitted to the hospital between April 2016 and July 2018, and followed up until September 2021. All children underwent at least one automated auditory brainstem response (AABR) test.

Brain MRI in infants exposed to the Zika virus, with one-year follow-up: expanding the phenotype.

Objective: To analyze longitudinal changes between two brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) exams performed one year apart in symptomatic infants with congenital Zika syndrome (CZS) and normocephalic infants exposed to the Zika virus (ZIKV) prenatally.

Materials And Methods: This was a prospective observational study. Infants born to women who tested positive for ZIKV on reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction during pregnancy were classified into two groups: symptomatic infants with CZS and asymptomatic infants.

Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Children Vertically Exposed to Chikungunya Virus: A Two Years Follow-up Study.

Objectives: To monitor by the first 24 months of life, children born to mothers with laboratory evidence of chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection during pregnancy or up to 8 weeks before it, and to describe abnormalities in head circumference (HC), auditory and ophthalmological assessments and neuroimaging tests during the follow-up period.

Method: This is a observational, descriptive, longitudinal and prospective study of children born to mothers who had a rash and a positive test for CHIKV during pregnancy or up to 8 weeks before it. They were admitted between November 2015 and May 2019 in the outpatient multidisciplinary clinic to investigate acute exanthematous disease.

Serological investigation of vaccine-induced antibodies for measles, rubella, and yellow fever viruses in children vertically exposed to Zika virus or with down syndrome.

Background: Vaccination schedules, as well as their effectiveness and contraindications, need to be evaluated regularly, especially in specific situations. Congenital Zika Syndrome (CZS) is a severe condition that results in extensive functional and neurological impairment of fetuses and newborns due to Zika virus tropism for fetal neural progenitor cells. Down Syndrome (DS) is the leading genetic cause of intellectual disability.

Pro-Inflammatory Profile of Children Exposed to Maternal Chikungunya Virus Infection during the Intrauterine Period: A One-Year Follow-Up Study.

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) vertical transmission occurs due to maternal viremia in the prepartum. Clinical presentation in neonates can be varied; however, the consequences of intrauterine exposure on the immune response are unclear. Thus, we aimed to analyze inflammatory alterations in children exposed to maternal CHIKV infection.

Involvement of Th1Th17 Cell Subpopulations in the Immune Responses of Mothers Who Gave Birth to Children with Congenital Zika Syndrome (CZS).

High levels of T helper 17 cell (Th17)-related cytokines have been shown in acute Zika virus (ZIKV) infection. We hypothesized that the high levels of Th17-related cytokines, associated with a regulatory environment during pregnancy, create a favorable milieu for the differentiation of CD4+Th17 cells. We present data from a cross-sectional study on mothers who confirmed ZIKV infection by qRT-PCR and their children.

Audiological Findings in Children Suspected to Have Been Exposed to the Zika Virus in the Intrauterine Period.

Objective: To evaluate auditory manifestations in children born to mothers who had exanthema during pregnancy, suspected to have been exposed to the Zika virus (ZIKV).

Study Design: Prospective observational.

Setting: Tertiary referral center.

Experience in diagnosing congenital Zika syndrome in Brazilian children born to asymptomatic mothers.

Introduction: Typical symptoms of primary Zika virus infection are not specific and share similarities with other arbovirus infections such as dengue fever and chikungunya. As acute infection can be asymptomatic in up to 73% of cases, infants with microcephaly represent a diagnostic challenge for pediatricians. We describe the frequency of congenital Zika syndrome (CZS) in Brazilian children born to asymptomatic pregnant mothers and its differential diagnosis.

Children Born to Mothers with Rash During Zika Virus Epidemic in Brazil: First 18 Months of Life.

Objective: To better understand the clinical spectrum and course of congenital Zika syndrome (CZS) during the first 18 months of life of children whose mothers had rash during pregnancy.

Methods: This longitudinal observational study evaluated the clinical progress from birth until 18 months of life of children of mothers who developed rash during or up to 3 months before gestation. Maternal rash occurred from November 2015 to May 2017.

Simultaneous circulation of arboviruses and other congenital infections in pregnant women in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Background: Arboviruses (Zika, dengue and chikungunya) represent a major risk for pregnant women, especially because their vertical transmission can lead to neurological damage in newborns. Early diagnosis can be difficult due to similar clinical presentation with other congenital infections that are associated with congenital abnormalities.

Objectives: To investigate the circulation of arboviruses and other pathogens responsible for congenital infections, reporting clinical aspects and geographic distribution of maternal rash in a metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro (Brazil).

Role of human herpesvirus 6 infection in young Brazilian children with rash illnesses.

Background: Human herpesvirus type 6 (HHV-6) has been shown to infect almost all children by 4 years of age. Primary infection causes an undifferentiated febrile illness, with approximately 30% of children exhibiting the classic clinical manifestations of exanthem subitum. Even with typical clinical presentation, exanthem subitum is frequently misdiagnosed as measles or rubella.