Adaptive Immune Response to Complex (MABSC) in Cystic Fibrosis and the Implications of Cross-Reactivity.

Background: We aimed to characterise the adaptive immune response to complex (MABSC) and its cross-reactivity with complex (MAC) and (Bacille Calmette-Guérin, BCG) in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients and non-CF controls in terms of lymphocyte proliferation and immunophenotyping, cytokine production and anti-MABSC IgG plasma levels.

Methods: In this cross-sectional analysis, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from CF patients with MABSC (CF/MABSC, n=12), MAC infection history (CF/MAC, n=5), no NTM history (CF/NTM-, n=15), BCG-vaccinated (C/BCG+, n=9) and non-vaccinated controls (C/BCG-, n=8) were cultured for four days under stimulation with an in-house MABSC lysate and we used flow cytometry to assess lymphocyte proliferation (given by lymphoblast formation) and immunophenotypes. Cytokine production was assessed after overnight whole blood stimulation with the same lysate, and anti-MABSC IgG levels were measured in plasma from non-stimulated blood.

Effective combined antiretroviral therapy provides partial immune recovery to mycobacterial antigens in vertically infected, BCG-vaccinated youth living with HIV.

Background: We assessed the cytokine response by PBMC of youth living with HIV (YLHIV) under combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and Mycobacterium bovis (BCG) antigens.

Methods: PBMC from 20 Brazilian YLHIV under cART with long-term (≥1 year) virological control, and 20 healthy controls were cultured for 24-96 h under stimulation with BCG, Mtb lysates, ESAT-6 and SEB. We measured TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10 and IL-17 in culture supernatants using a cytometric bead array.

Frequency of respiratory pathogens other than SARS-CoV-2 detected during COVID-19 testing.

The frequencies of 19 respiratory pathogens other than SARS-CoV-2 were assessed in 6,"?>235 Brazilian individuals tested for COVID-19. Overall, only 83 individuals who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 had codetection of other pathogens. Individuals infected with Rhinovirus/Enterovirus, Human Coronavirus (HCoV)-HKU1, HCoV-NL63, HPIV-4, Influenza A (-H1N1 and other subtypes), Influenza B, Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Human Metapneumovirus were less likely to test positive for SARS-CoV-2.

One Year of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Brazil: A Political and Social Overview.

Background: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) became the deadliest pandemic of the new millennium. One year after it became a pandemic, the current COVID-19 situation in Brazil is an example of how the impacts of a pandemic are beyond health outcomes and how health, social, and political actions are intertwined.

Objectives: We aimed to provide an overview of the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil, from a social and political point of view, and to discuss the perspectives from now on.

Safety, Tolerability, and Effects of Sodium Bicarbonate Inhalation in Cystic Fibrosis.

Background: Among the many consequences of loss of CFTR protein function, a significant reduction of the secretion of bicarbonate (HCO) in cystic fibrosis (CF) is a major pathogenic feature. Loss of HCO leads to abnormally low pH and impaired mucus clearance in airways and other exocrine organs, which suggests that NaHCO inhalation may be a low-cost, easily accessible therapy for CF.

Objective: To evaluate the safety, tolerability, and effects of inhaled aerosols of NaHCO solutions (4.

Secretory IgA-mediated immune response in saliva and early detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the lower airways of pediatric cystic fibrosis patients.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa) detection in the paranasal sinuses may help to prevent or postpone bacterial aspiration to the lower airways (LAW) and chronic lung infection in cystic fibrosis (CF). We assessed the ability of an ELISA test for measurement of specific Pa secretory IgA (sIgA) in saliva (a potential marker of sinus colonization) to early detect changes in the Pa LAW status (indicated by microbiological sputum or cough swab culture and specific serum IgG levels) of 65 patients for three years, in different investigation scenarios. Increased sIgA levels were detected in saliva up to 22 months before changes in culture/serology.

Mechanisms of humoral immune response against Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm infection in cystic fibrosis.

P. aeruginosa chronic lung infection is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), and is characterized by a biofilm mode of growth, increased levels of specific IgG antibodies and immune complex formation. However, despite being designed to combat this infection, such elevated humoral response is not associated with clinical improvement, pointing to a lack of anti-pseudomonas effectiveness.

IgG avidity to Pseudomonas aeruginosa over the course of chronic lung biofilm infection in cystic fibrosis.

Background And Objectives: The mechanisms leading to low effectiveness of the humoral immune response against P. aeruginosa in cystic fibrosis (CF) are poorly understood. The aim of the present study was to assess the avidity maturation of specific antipseudomonal IgG before and during the development of chronic lung infection in a cohort of Danish CF patients.

Association of growth and nutritional parameters with pulmonary function in cystic fibrosis: a literature review.

Objective: To review the literature addressing the relationship of growth and nutritional parameters with pulmonary function in pediatric patients with cystic fibrosis.

Data Source: A collection of articles published in the last 15 years in English, Portuguese and Spanish was made by research in electronic databases - PubMed, Cochrane, Medline, Lilacs and Scielo - using the keywords cystic fibrosis, growth, nutrition, pulmonary function in varied combinations. Articles that addressed the long term association of growth and nutritional parameters, with an emphasis on growth, with pulmonary disease in cystic fibrosis, were included, and we excluded those that addressing only the relationship between nutritional parameters and cystic fibrosis and those in which the aim was to describe the disease.

Assessment of IgG antibodies to Pseudomonas aeruginosa in patients with cystic fibrosis by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Background: The usefulness of serological tests for detection of P. aeruginosa pulmonary infection in cystic fibrosis (CF) is controversial. Here, we assessed the value of detecting anti-P.

Serum antibodies to Pseudomonas aeruginosa in cystic fibrosis as a diagnostic tool: a systematic review.

Background: A systematic literature review of the last 40 years on the research of serum antibodies to Pseudomonas aeruginosa in cystic fibrosis and its utility as a diagnostic tool.

Methods: Research papers in English, Portuguese, and Spanish were accessed through electronic databases (PubMed, Medline, LILACS, and SciELO).

Results: 26 studies were assessed.

The copper interference with the melanogenesis OF Cryptococcus neoformans.

Melanin is a pigment produced by laccase, a phenoloxydase enzyme, and is related to the virulence of Cryptococcus neoformans as it is also considered an adaption mechanism to environmental conditions and protection against UV radiation, phagocytic system attack and antifungal drugs. Laccase synthesis is stimulated by several factors, including copper metabolism. The current study shows C.