Axonal dysfunction is associated with interferon-γ levels in childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus: a multivoxel magnetic resonance spectroscopy study.

Objective: Axonal/neuronal damage has been shown to be a pathological finding that precedes neuropsychiatric manifestations in SLE. The objective of this study was to determine the presence of axonal dysfunction in childhood-onset SLE patients (cSLE) and to determine clinical, immunological and treatment features associated with its occurrence.

Methods: We included 86 consecutive cSLE patients [median age 17 (range 5-28) years] and 71 controls [median age 18 (5-28) years].

Gastrointestinal involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus: A systematic review.

Introduction: Gastrointestinal involvement is a common complain observed in 40-60% of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients. We performed a systematic review of clinically severe and potential life-threatening gastrointestinal manifestations and discuss clinical presentation, pathogenesis and treatment.

Methods: We performed a literature search in English literature using PubMed and Embase from 2000 to December 2020.

Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (H-MRS) in rheumatic autoimmune diseases: A systematic review.

Background/purpose: Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (H-MRS) has been shown to be an important non-invasive tool to quantify neuronal loss or damage in the investigation of central nervous system (CNS) disorders. The purpose of this article is to discuss the clinical utility of H-MRS in determining CNS involvement in individuals with rheumatic autoimmune diseases.

Methods: This study is a systematic review of the literature, conducted during the month of November and December of 2019 of articles published in the last 16 years (2003-2019).

Mimickers of neuropsychiatric manifestations in systemic lupus erythematosus.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), presenting with new onset or worsening neuropsychiatric (NP) symptoms, is a challenge in clinical practice. Mimickers such as infections, drug-induced side effects, metabolic abnormalities, malignancies, and alcohol-related disorders have to be excluded, before attributing the manifestations to disease activity. Proper diagnosis is essential to guide adequate management and reduce morbidity and mortality.

Epidemiology, characterization, and diagnosis of neuropsychiatric events in systemic lupus erythematosus.

Neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE) is characterized by a heterogeneity of clinical manifestations. The absence of diagnostic criteria and the lack of clinical trials is a challenge in clinical practice. Areas covered: A literature review was performed to describe epidemiology, characterization (clinical, immunological, and imaging), diagnosis and treatment of NPSLE.

Effects of the use of growth hormone in children and adolescents with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a systematic review.

Introduction: Children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) often have impaired growth and short stature. There is evidence that the therapeutic use of growth hormone (GH) is useful and safe in these patients.

Objective: To analyze the effects of GH use in patients with JIA.

Association between academic performance and cognitive dysfunction in patients with juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus.

Objective: To determine whether there is an association between the profile of cognitive dysfunction and academic outcomes in patients with juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus (JSLE).

Methods: Patients aged ≤18 years at the onset of the disease and education level at or above the fifth grade of elementary school were selected. Cognitive evaluation was performed according to the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) recommendations.