Effect of Preoperative Opioid Exposure on Healthcare Utilization and Expenditures Following Elective Abdominal Surgery.

Objective: To examine the extent to which preoperative opioid use is correlated with healthcare utilization and costs following elective surgical procedures.

Summary Background Data: Morbidity and mortality associated with prescription opioid use is escalating in the United States. The extent to which chronic opioid use influences postoperative outcomes following elective surgery is not well understood.

Adolescents' future orientation and nonmedical use of prescription drugs.

Introduction: How adolescents think about their future (i.e., future orientation) impacts their risk-taking behavior.