Paleolithic divergence and multiple Neolithic expansions of ancestral nomadic emperor-related paternal lineages.

The reconstruction of demographic history using ancient and modern genomic resources reveals extensive interactions and admixture between ancient nomadic pastoralists and the social organizations of the Chinese Central Plain. However, the extent to which Y-chromosome genetic legacies from nomadic emperor-related ancestral lineages influence the Chinese paternal gene pool remains unclear. Here, we genotype 2717 ethnolinguistically diverse samples belonging to C2a lineages, perform whole-genome sequencing on 997 representative samples and integrate these data with ancient genomic sequences.

Forensic investigative genetic genealogy: expanding pedigree tracing and genetic inquiry in the genomic era.

Genetic genealogy provides crucial insights into the complex biological relationships within contemporary and ancient human populations by analyzing shared alleles and chromosomal segments that are identical by descent to understand kinship, migration patterns, and population dynamics. Within forensic science, forensic investigative genetic genealogy (FIGG) has gained prominence by leveraging next-generation sequencing technologies and population-specific genomic resources, opening new investigative avenues. In this review, we synthesize current knowledge, underscore recent advancements, and discuss the growing role of FIGG in forensic genomics.

Malaria resistance-related biological adaptation and complex evolutionary footprints inferred from one integrative Tai-Kadai-related genomic resource.

Pathogen‒host adaptative interactions and complex population demographical processes, including admixture, drift, and Darwen selection, have considerably shaped the Neolithic-to-Modern Western Eurasian population structure and genetic susceptibility to modern human diseases. However, the genetic footprints of evolutionary events in East Asia remain unknown due to the underrepresentation of genomic diversity and the design of large-scale population studies. We reported one aggregated database of genome-wide SNP variations from 796 Tai-Kadai (TK) genomes, including that of Bouyei first reported here, to explore the genetic history, population structure, and biological adaptative features of TK people from southern China and Southeast Asia.

Differentiated adaptative genetic architecture and language-related demographical history in South China inferred from 619 genomes from 56 populations.

Background: The underrepresentation of human genomic resources from Southern Chinese populations limited their health equality in the precision medicine era and complete understanding of their genetic formation, admixture, and adaptive features. Besides, linguistical and genetic evidence supported the controversial hypothesis of their origin processes. One hotspot case was from the Chinese Guangxi Pinghua Han people (GPH), whose language was significantly similar to Southern Chinese dialects but whose uniparental gene pool was phylogenetically associated with the indigenous Tai-Kadai (TK) people.

Differentiated genomic footprints suggest isolation and long-distance migration of Hmong-Mien populations.

Background: The underrepresentation of Hmong-Mien (HM) people in Asian genomic studies has hindered our comprehensive understanding of the full landscape of their evolutionary history and complex trait architecture. South China is a multi-ethnic region and indigenously settled by ethnolinguistically diverse HM, Austroasiatic (AA), Tai-Kadai (TK), Austronesian (AN), and Sino-Tibetan (ST) people, which is regarded as East Asia's initial cradle of biodiversity. However, previous fragmented genetic studies have only presented a fraction of the landscape of genetic diversity in this region, especially the lack of haplotype-based genomic resources.

NMNATs expression inhibition mediated NAD deficiency plays a critical role in doxorubicin-induced hepatotoxicity in mice.

Doxorubicin (DOX) is one of the most widely used antineoplastic drugs with known cardiotoxicity while other organ toxicity, such as hepatotoxicity is not well defined. This study was to explore the role of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) in DOX-induced hepatotoxicity. DOX (20 mg/kg) induced acute liver injury and oxidative stress in C57BL/6 J mice at 48 h.

Distinguished biological adaptation architecture aggravated population differentiation of Tibeto-Burman-speaking people.

Tibeto-Burman (TB) people have endeavored to adapt to the hypoxic, cold, and high-UV high-altitude environments in the Tibetan Plateau and complex disease exposures in lowland rainforests since the late Paleolithic period. However, the full landscape of genetic history and biological adaptation of geographically diverse TB-speaking people, as well as their interaction mechanism, remain unknown. Here, we generate a whole-genome meta-database of 500 individuals from 39 TB-speaking populations and present a comprehensive landscape of genetic diversity, admixture history, and differentiated adaptative features of geographically different TB-speaking people.

Extensive genetic admixture between Tai-Kadai-speaking people and their neighbours in the northeastern region of the Yungui Plateau inferred from genome-wide variations.

Background: Yungui Plateau in Southwest China is characterized by multi-language and multi-ethnic communities and is one of the regions with the wealthiest ethnolinguistic, cultural and genetic diversity in East Asia. There are numerous Tai-Kadai (TK)-speaking populations, but their detailed evolutionary history and biological adaptations are still unclear.

Results: Here, we genotyped genome-wide SNP data of 77 unrelated TK-speaking Zhuang and Dong individuals from the Yungui Plateau and explored their detailed admixture history and adaptive features using clustering patterns, allele frequency differentiation and sharing haplotype patterns.

A case of unexpected death due to primary angiitis of the central nervous system.

Primary angiitis of the central nervous system (PACNS) is a rare and fatal cerebral vasculitis mainly involving the arteriole of the pia mater, cerebral cortex, and spinal cord. It has an insidious onset atypical symptoms. In this paper, we reported an unexpected death due to cerebral hemorrhage caused by PACNS.

Identification of Differentially Expressed Genes and Prediction of Expression Regulation Networks in Dysfunctional Endothelium.

The detection of early coronary atherosclerosis (ECA) is still a challenge and the mechanism of endothelial dysfunction remains unclear. In the present study, we aimed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and the regulatory network of miRNAs as well as TFs in dysfunctional endothelium to elucidate the possible pathogenesis of ECA and find new potential markers. The GSE132651 data set of the GEO database was used for the bioinformatic analysis.

A systematic pan-cancer analysis of the gasdermin (GSDM) family of genes and their correlation with prognosis, the tumor microenvironment, and drug sensitivity.

Pyroptosis is a programmed cell death process mediated by the gasdermin (GSDM) protein. However, limited research has been conducted to comprehensively analyze the contribution of the GSDM family in a pan-cancer setting. We systematically evaluated the gene expression, genetic variations, and prognostic values of the GSDM family members.

Expression of airway smooth muscle contractile proteins in children with acute interstitial pneumonia.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the expression of α-SMA and SM22α in airway smooth muscle (ASM) of bronchioles from children younger than 14 years who died of acute interstitial pneumonia (AIP). This is based upon the hypothesis that as contractile marker proteins α-SMA and SM22α can serve as an index of the overcontractile phenotype of ASM that is seen in AIP. Lung tissue samples of children were obtained from autopsies and divided into the AIP group (55.

The genomic history of southwestern Chinese populations demonstrated massive population migration and admixture among proto-Hmong-Mien speakers and incoming migrants.

Southwest China was the crossroad for the initial settler people of East Asia, which shows the highest diversity in languages and genetics. This region played a significant role in the formation of the genetic makeup of the proto-Hmong-Mien-speaking people and in the north-to-south human expansion during the Neolithic-to-historic transformation. Their genetic history covering migration events and the admixture processes still needs to be further explored.

Peopling History of the Tibetan Plateau and Multiple Waves of Admixture of Tibetans Inferred From Both Ancient and Modern Genome-Wide Data.

Archeologically attested human occupation on the Tibetan Plateau (TP) can be traced back to 160 thousand years ago (kya) via the archaic Xiahe people and 30∼40 kya via the Nwya Devu anatomically modern human. However, the history of the Tibetan populations and their migration inferred from the ancient and modern DNA remains unclear. Here, we performed the first ancient and modern genomic meta-analysis among 3,017 Paleolithic to present-day Eastern Eurasian genomes (2,444 modern individuals from 183 populations and 573 ancient individuals).

DNA Methylation Regulator-Meditated Modification Patterns Define the Distinct Tumor Microenvironment in Lung Adenocarcinoma.

Background: Epigenetic changes of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) have been reported to be a relevant factor in tumorigenesis and cancer progression. However, the molecular mechanisms responsible for DNA methylation patterns in the tumor immune-infiltrating microenvironment and in cancer immunotherapy remain unclear.

Methods: We conducted a global analysis of the DNA methylation modification pattern (DMP) and immune cell-infiltrating characteristics of LUAD patients based on 21 DNA methylation regulators.

Significant East Asian Affinity of the Sichuan Hui Genomic Structure Suggests the Predominance of the Cultural Diffusion Model in the Genetic Formation Process.

The ancestral origin and genomic history of Chinese Hui people remain to be explored due to the paucity of genome-wide data. Some evidence argues that an eastward migration of Central Asians gave rise to modern Hui people, which is referred to as the ; other evidence favors the , which posits that East Asians adopted Muslim culture to form the modern culturally distinct populations. However, the extent to which the observed genetic structure of the Huis was mediated by the movement of people or the assimilation of Muslim culture also remains highly contentious.

Combined Low-/High-Density Modern and Ancient Genome-Wide Data Document Genomic Admixture History of High-Altitude East Asians.

The Tibetan Plateau (TP) is considered to be one of the last terrestrial environments conquered by the anatomically modern human. Understanding of the genetic background of highland Tibetans plays a pivotal role in archeology, anthropology, genetics, and forensic investigations. Here, we genotyped 22 forensic genetic markers in 1,089 Tibetans residing in Nagqu Prefecture and collected 1,233,013 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the highland East Asians (Sherpa and Tibetan) from the Simons Genome Diversity Project and ancient Tibetans from Nepal and Neolithic farmers from northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau from public databases.

Inferring the population history of Tai-Kadai-speaking people and southernmost Han Chinese on Hainan Island by genome-wide array genotyping.

Hainan Island, located between East Asia and Southeast Asia, represents an ideal region for the study of the genetic architecture of geographically isolated populations. However, the genetic structure and demographic history of the indigenous Tai-Kadai-speaking Hlai people and recent expanded southernmost Han Chinese on this island are poorly characterized due to a lack of genetic data. Thus, we collected and genotyped 36 Qiongzhong Hlai and 48 Haikou Han individuals at 497,637 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs).

Effects of spontaneous recurrent seizures on cognitive function via modulation of SNAREs expression.

Purpose: To explore whether soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors (SNARE) complexes are involved in cognitive dysfunction induced by spontaneous recurrent seizures (SRS).

Materials And Methods: An animal model of epilepsy was established by intraperitoneal injection of kainic acid (KA). Following the onset of SRS, the rats were divided into control group, KA-SRS group, KA+SRS group and KA+SRS+VAP group.