[Clinical evaluation of lingual fixed retainer combined with Hawley retainer and vacuum-formed retainer].

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of vacuum-formed retainers (VFRs) and lingual fixed retainers combined with Hawley retainers (combined retainers, CRs).

Methods: Forty five patients immediately after orthodontic treatment were randomly allocated to either VFRs (n=25) or CRs (n=20) groups. Overbite, overjet and calculus index scores (CIS) were recorded at pretreatment (T0), debonding (T1), 6 months (T2) and 12 months (T3) after maintenance.