Electrochemical Oxidative Cascade Cyclization of Alkenyl Alcohols with External Nucleophiles to Access Amino- and Hydroxy-Functionalized -Heterocycles.

A convenient electrochemical oxidative cascade cyclization of alkenes equipped with pendant alcohols with general nucleophiles was developed. Using readily available diarylmethanimine and carboxylic acids as nucleophilic sources, a broad range of internal alkene and terminal alkene substrates could produce RCO- and ArCN-functionalized -heterocycles in moderate to high yields without the requirement for external oxidants and metals. These resulting products can subsequently be hydrolyzed to yield valuable NH- and OH-functionalized tetrahydrofurans and tetrahydropyranes under mild conditions.

Electrochemically Enabled Intramolecular Amino- and Oxysulfonylation of Alkenes with Sodium Sulfinates to Access Sulfonylated Saturated Heterocycles.

A practical and efficient electrochemical intramolecular amino- or oxysulfonylation of internal alkenes equipped with pendant nitrogen or oxygen-centered nucleophiles with sodium sulfinate was developed. Under undivided electrolytic cell conditions, a variety of sulfonylated -heterocycles and -heterocycles, such as tetrahydrofurans, tetrahydropyrans, oxepanes, tetrahydropyrroles, piperidines, δ-valerolactones, etc., were efficiently prepared from easily accessible unsaturated alcohols, carboxylic acids, and -tosyl amines without the need for additional metal or exogenous oxidant.

Complementary Copper-Catalyzed and Electrochemical Aminosulfonylation of -Homoallyl Benzimidates and -Alkenyl Amidines with Sodium Sulfinates.

A complementary copper-catalyzed and electrochemical aminosulfonylation of -homoallyl benzimidates and -alkenyl amidines with sodium sulfinates was developed. The terminal alkene substrate produced sulfone-containing 1,3-oxazines and tetrahydropyrimidines in the presence of Cu(OAc), AgCO, and DPP, and under similar reaction conditions, sulfonylated tetrahydro-1,3-oxazepines were prepared from 1-aryl-substituted -homoallyl benzimidates in moderate to good yields. For certain electron-rich 1,1-diaryl-substituted alkene substrates, the corresponding tetrahydro-1,3-oxazepines could also be obtained in similar or even higher yields via a green electrochemical technique.

A Jacalin-Related Lectin Regulated the Formation of Aerial Mycelium and Fruiting Body in Flammulina velutipes.

, one of the most popular mushroom species in the world, has been recognized as a useful model system to study the biochemical and physiological aspects of the formation and elongation of fruit body. However, few reports have been published on the regulation of fruiting body formation in at the molecular level. In this study, a jacalin-related lectin gene from was characterized.

The Sequence Characteristics and Expression Models Reveal Superoxide Dismutase Involved in Cold Response and Fruiting Body Development in Volvariella volvacea.

As the first defence for cells to counteract the toxicity of active oxygen, superoxide dismutase (SOD) plays an important role in the response of living organisms to stress and cell differentiation. One extracellular Cu-ZnSOD (ecCu-ZnSOD), and two MnSODs, were identified based on the Volvariella volvacea genome sequence. All three genes have complicated alternative splicing modes during transcription; only when the fourth intron is retained can the Vv_Cu-Znsod1 gene be translated into a protein sequence with SOD functional domains.