Antitumor effects of plasma‑activated solution on a murine melanoma model and .

Melanoma is a common malignant skin tumor with highly invasive features and a high metastasis rate that can be difficult to treat clinically. Large-scale resection of primary cutaneous melanoma is often used to avoid postoperative recurrence. For advanced patients, radiotherapy, targeted therapy and immunotherapy are often needed.

Cold atmospheric plasma in combination with laser therapy provides a window for the treatment of hyperproliferative skin disease.

Modern medical understanding suggests that hyperproliferative skin diseases (HSDs) are complex syndromes characterized by localized hypertrophy or hyperplasia and infiltration of inflammatory cells. Various treatments, including systemic and topical pharmacotherapy, laser interventions, photodynamic therapy, and surgery, have been proposed for managing HSDs. However, challenges such as wound healing and recurrence after laser treatment have hindered the effectiveness of laser therapy.

In vitro study of cold atmospheric plasma-activated liquids inhibits malignant melanoma by affecting macrophage polarization through the ROS/JAK2/STAT1 pathway.

Melanoma is a prevalent malignant skin tumor known for its high invasive ability and a high rate of metastasis, making clinical treatment exceptionally challenging. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are the most abundant immune cells in the tumor microenvironment and play a crucial role in tumor survival and development. Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) is an emerging tool for tumor treatment that has garnered attention from scholars due to its interaction with non-tumor cells in the tumor microenvironment.

Arsenic exposure induced renal fibrosis via regulation of mitochondrial dynamics and the NLRP3-TGF-β1/SMAD signaling pathway.

Environmental arsenic exposure is one of the major global public health problems. Studies have shown that arsenic exposure can cause renal fibrosis, but the underlying mechanism is still unclear. Integrating the in vivo and in vitro models, this study investigated the potential molecular pathways for arsenic-induced renal fibrosis.

Machine learning predictive models for grading bronchopulmonary dysplasia: umbilical cord blood IL-6 as a biomarker.

Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the predictive value of umbilical cord blood Interleukin-6 (UCB IL-6) for the severity-graded BPD and to establish machine learning (ML) predictive models in a Chinese population based on the 2019 NRN evidence-based guidelines.

Methods: In this retrospective analysis, we included infants born with gestational age <32 weeks, who underwent UCB IL-6 testing within 24 h of admission to our NICU between 2020 and 2022. We collected their medical information encompassing the maternal, perinatal, and early neonatal phases.

Arsenic exposure caused male infertility indicated by testis and sperm metabolic dysfunction in SD rats.

Arsenic containment is one of the most severe environmental problems. It has been reported that arsenic exposure could cause male reproductive damage. However, the evidence chain from sodium arsenite (NaAsO) exposure to adverse male fertility outcomes has not been completed by molecular events.

From Medical Herb to Functional Food: Development of a Fermented Milk Containing Silybin and Protein from Milk Thistle.

Milk thistle is a traditional medicinal herb. Silybin is a medicinal component found in the seed coat of milk thistle, which has liver-protective and anti-cancer properties. Conventional studies have focused on the extraction of silybin with organic reagents, which was inapplicable to the food industry.

Combining machine learning models through multiple data division methods for PM forecasting in Northern Xinjiang, China.

In this study, daily average PM forecasting models were developed and applied in the Northern Xinjiang, China, through combining the back propagation artificial neural network (BPANN) and multiple linear regression (MLR) with another BPANN model. The meteorological (daily average precipitation, pressure, relative humidity, temperature, and wind speed, daily maximum wind speed and sunshine hours on the same day) and air pollutant data (daily PM, PM, SO, CO, NO, and O concentrations on the previous day) in January and August of each year from 2015 to 2019 were used as candidate inputs. The optimal member and combining models were evaluated through the leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV), fivefold cross-validation, and hold-out methods.

A novel extraction protocol of nano-polystyrene from biological samples.

Toxicological data demonstrate that nanoplastics (NPs) can cause direct adverse health effects. However, a method for quantifying NPs in biological samples is lacking to date. In this study, a diatomite associated coagulation-sedimentation extraction (CSE) protocol was developed to selectively enrich polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NP) from microplastics (PS-MP) in the digest of animal tissues, which were then analyzed using pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

Effects of Different Nitrogen Sources and Ratios to Carbon on Larval Development and Bioconversion Efficiency in Food Waste Treatment by Black Soldier Fly Larvae ().

Biowaste treatment by black soldier fly larvae (BSFL, ) has received global research interest and growing industrial application. Larvae farming conditions, such as temperature, pH, and moisture, have been critically examined. However, the substrate carbon to nitrogen ratio (C/N), one of the key parameters that may affect larval survival and bioconversion efficiency, is significantly less studied.

Changes in both trans- and cis-regulatory elements mediate insecticide resistance in a lepidopteron pest, Spodoptera exigua.

The evolution of insect resistance to insecticides is frequently associated with overexpression of one or more cytochrome P450 enzyme genes. Although overexpression of CYP450 genes is a well-known mechanism of insecticide resistance, the underlying regulatory mechanisms are poorly understood. Here we uncovered the mechanisms of overexpression of the P450 gene, CYP321A8 in a major pest insect, Spodoptera exigua that is resistant to multiple insecticides.

Xenobiotic transcription factors CncC and maf regulate expression of CYP321A16 and CYP332A1 that mediate chlorpyrifos resistance in Spodoptera exigua.

Insect cytochrome P450 s (P450 s) are associated with the metabolic detoxification of toxic xenobiotics and their constitutive upregulation is often associated with resistance to natural and synthetic toxicants. The P450 s CYP321A16 and CYP332A1 are constitutively overexpressed in an insecticide-resistant strain of beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua. However, the function and upstream regulation of these two P450 s remain unknown.

Insecticides induce the co-expression of glutathione S-transferases through ROS/CncC pathway in Spodoptera exigua.

Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are a family of multifunctional enzymes that are involved in detoxification of electrophilic toxic compounds. Although the co-induced expression of GST genes by insecticides in insects has been documented in recent years, the underlying regulatory mechanisms are not understood. In this study, a total of thirty-one cytosolic S.

Transcription factors CncC/Maf and AhR/ARNT coordinately regulate the expression of multiple GSTs conferring resistance to chlorpyrifos and cypermethrin in Spodoptera exigua.

Background: Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are a superfamily of multifunctional dimeric proteins existing in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. They are involved in the detoxification of both endogenous and exogenous electrophiles, including insecticides. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of GST genes in insects are poorly understood.

Block of Kir channels by flonicamid disrupts salivary and renal excretion of insect pests.

Flonicamid is a selective insecticide for the control of sap-sucking insects; it exerts toxic effects by inhibiting insect feeding. However, its molecular target remains elusive. In this study, we functionally characterized NlKir1 channels of the brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens) in HEK293 cells.

Urinary RBP and NGAL Levels are Associated with Nephropathy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.

Background/aims: The diagnosis of type 2 diabetic nephropathy (T2DN) patients is important to prevent the long-term damaging effects of kidney loss in patients with diabetes and is decisive for patient outcomes. The aim of this study was to explore urine retinol binding protein (RBP) and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) in T2DN patients with and without albuminuria.

Methods: A total of 293 T2DN patients were divided into three groups according to their urine albumin/urine creatinine ratio (UACR): normoalbuminuria group (UACR<30 mg/g, n=100), microalbuminuria group (UACR 30-300 mg/g, n=100) and macroalbuminuria group (UACR>300 mg/g, n=93); 50 non-diabetic subjects were recruited as the control group.

Co-administration of Wuzhi capsules and tacrolimus in patients with idiopathic membranous nephropathy: clinical efficacy and pharmacoeconomics.

Purpose: Tacrolimus is an effective (but relatively expensive) immunosuppressant that is used widely in patients with membranous nephropathy. To reduce the tacrolimus dose while maintaining an equivalent therapeutic effect, we studied the clinical efficacy and pharmacoeconomic impact of co-administration of Wuzhi capsules (WZC that protects against damage to liver cells) and tacrolimus.

Methods: Sixty patients with membranous nephropathy were divided randomly into two groups: experimental (tacrolimus + WZC + corticosteroids) and control (tacrolimus + corticosteroids).

Feasibility of bioleaching combined with Fenton-like reaction to remove heavy metals from sewage sludge.

Feasibility of bioleaching combining with Fenton-like reaction to remove heavy metals from sewage sludge was investigated. After 5-day bioleaching, the sludge pH decreased from 6.95 to 2.

Graphene-based materials: fabrication, characterization and application for the decontamination of wastewater and wastegas and hydrogen storage/generation.

Graphene, as an ideal two-dimensional material and single-atom layer of graphite, has attracted exploding interests in multidisciplinary research because of its unique structure and exceptional physicochemical properties. Especially, graphene-based materials offer a wide range of potentialities for environmental remediation and energy applications. This review shows an extensive overview of the main principles and the recent synthetic technologies about designing and fabricating various innovative graphene-based materials.