Flippable multitask diffractive neural networks based on double-sided metasurfaces.

Diffractive neural networks (DNNs) have garnered significant attention in recent years as a physical computing framework, combining high computational speed, parallelism, and low-power consumption. However, the non-reconfigurability of cascaded diffraction layers limits the ability of DNNs to perform multitasking, and methods such as replacing diffraction layers or light sources, while theoretically feasible, are difficult to implement in practice. This Letter introduces a flippable diffractive neural network (F-DNN) in which the diffraction layer is an integrated structure processed on both sides of the substrate.

Gray matter alterations and neurotransmitter system associations in hepatitis B virus-related cirrhosis: insights into neuropathogenesis and therapeutic targets.

Introduction: The associations between gray matter (GM) change and neurotransmitter systems in hepatitis B virus-related cirrhosis (HBV-RC) are still poorly understood.

Methods: We recruited 60 HBV-RC patients and 60 healthy controls (HCs). Difference of GM volume between HBV-RC and HC groups was evaluated at global and voxel levels.

Erratum: Vitamin D binding protein (VDBP) hijacks twist1 to inhibit vasculogenic mimicry in hepatocellular carcinoma: Erratum.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.7150/thno.90322.

Limited Applicability of Neoclassical Facial Canons in Tibetan Youth: 2D Photogrammetry Evaluation.

Neoclassical facial proportion canons have long served as benchmarks for defining facial beauty across diverse populations. However, their applicability varies significantly among ethnic groups. This study critically evaluates the validity of these canons among young Tibetan adults in China, with a particular focus on vertical and horizontal facial proportions.

High-performance PBPK model for predicting CYP3A4 induction-mediated drug interactions: a refined and validated approach.

Introduction: The cytochrome P450 enzyme 3A4 (CYP3A4) mediates numerous drug-drug interactions (DDIs) by inducing the metabolism of co-administered drugs, which can result in reduced therapeutic efficacy or increased toxicity. This study developed and validated a Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model to predict CYP3A4 induction-mediated DDIs, focusing on the early stages of clinical drug development.

Methods: The PBPK model for rifampicin, a potent CYP3A4 inducer, was developed and validated using human pharmacokinetic data.

Study on the One-Dimensional Impact Compression Characteristics of Coral Sand Under Conditions of Different Relative Density.

Dynamic compression tests under quasi-one-dimensional strain conditions were conducted on coral sand with different relative densities using the Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) apparatus. The experimental results indicate that the stress-strain curves of coral sand exhibit approximately three basic forms, each encompassing three distinct stages: skeletal sliding and yielding, compaction, and unloading. The occurrence of the lock-up phenomenon is jointly influenced by relative density, strain rate, and moisture content.

Mechanisms of Overexpression and Membrane Potential Reduction Leading to Ciprofloxacin Heteroresistance in a Isolate.

Heteroresistance has seriously affected the evaluation of antibiotic efficacy against pathogenic bacteria, causing misjudgment of antibiotics' sensitivity in clinical therapy, leading to treatment failure, and posing a serious threat to current medical health. However, the mechanism of heteroresistance to ciprofloxacin remains unclear. In this study, heteroresistance to ciprofloxacin in strain 529 was confirmed by antimicrobial susceptibility testing and population analysis profiling (PAP), with the resistance of subclonal 529_HR based on MIC being 8-fold that of the original bacteria.

Identification of Quantitative Trait Loci for Node Number, Pod Number, and Seed Number in Soybean.

Optimizing soybean yield remains a crucial challenge in meeting global food security demands. In this study, we report a comprehensive genetic analysis of yield-related traits in soybeans using a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from crosses between 'Qihuang 34' (GH34) and 'Dongsheng 16' (DS16). Phenotypic analysis across two years (2023-2024) revealed significant variations between parental lines.

Formation of PEG-PLGA Microspheres for Controlled Release of Simvastatin and Carvacrol: Enhanced Lipid-Lowering Efficacy and Improved Patient Compliance in Hyperlipidemia Therapy.

Polymer-based drug-controlled release systems offer greater efficacy and potency than conventional therapies. However, prominent drug side effects, lower circulation, and low drug loading capabilities limit their application range. In this work, the combination of Simvastatin (SIV) and Carvacrol (CAV) into PEG-PLGA microspheres (SIV-CAV-PP-MS) was achieved via an emulsification-solvent evaporation technique, resulting in microspheres characterized by high encapsulation efficiency and reduced particle size.

The effects of blood flow restriction training on early muscle strength and mid-term knee function following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: Early restoration of muscle strength and knee joint function after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) is a critical goal in the rehabilitation process. Blood flow restriction training (BFRT), a low-load training method, has gained attention in musculoskeletal rehabilitation in recent years, but its specific effects in ACLR rehabilitation remain unclear.

Methods: Relevant literature up to December 20, 2024, was searched in the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases, and study selection was performed according to PRISMA guidelines.

Expression and localization of HBsAg in corneas from HBsAgseropositive donors preserved in mediumterm preservation solution and glycerol.

Objectives: Due to the severe shortage of donor corneas for transplantation in China, corneal component transplantation may expand the available donor pool. This study aims to evaluate the safety and feasibility of corneal component transplantation by examining the distribution of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in corneas from HBsAg-seropositive donors under different storage media.

Methods: Ten corneas (from 6 donors) donated between December 2019 and March 2021 and stored at the Eye Bank of Xiangya Third Hospital, Central South University, were analyzed.

Scalable interlinked hierarchical porous biochar-nanosheets for efficient removal of thallium from aquatic environment.

The scalable development of engineeredcarbonaceous materials for commercialization at industrial scale is a formidable issue. Herein, a scalable and innovative chemical exfoliation approach was introduced to develop interlinkedhierarchical biocharnanosheets (BCNs) framework form agricultural wastes. The developed BCNs exhibited higher surface area (1048.

The efficacy of the corpus-based error correction method on revision in writing classrooms.

Despite the growing interests in investigating the application of data-driven learning (DDL), much existing research remains outcome-oriented. Limited attention has been paid to learners' interactions with corpora, especially the experiences of consulting corpora and decision-making processes during revision in second language (L2) writing. In this regard, this study investigates how corpora assist language learning during the revision process in a classroom-based foreign language learning context.

Targeting NAD + biosynthesis suppresses TGF-β1/Smads/RAB26 axis and potentiates cisplatin cytotoxicity in non-small cell lung cancer brain metastasis.

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) plays an important role in tumor progression, but its role in non-small cell lung cancer with brain metastasis (NSCLC BM) remains unclear. Herein, we investigated NAD biosynthesis targeting as a new therapeutic strategy for NSCLC BM. Therapeutic activity of nicotinamide phosphoribosyl transferase (NAMPT) inhibitors was evaluated in mouse models of NSCLC BM and using various assays such as NAD quantitation, cell viability, and apoptosis assays.

TRAF3IP3 Induces ER Stress-Mediated Apoptosis with Protective Autophagy to Inhibit Lung Adenocarcinoma Proliferation.

TNF receptor-associated factor 3 interacting protein 3 (TRAF3IP3/T3JAM) exhibits dual roles in cancer progression. While upregulated in most malignancies and critical for immune regulation. However, the specific effects and molecular mechanisms of TRAF3IP3 on the progression of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remains poorly understood.

Multifunctional Liposomes with Enhanced Stability for Imaging-Guided Cancer Chemodynamic and Photothermal Therapy.

Improvements in tumor therapy require a combination of strategies where targeted treatment is critical. We developed a new versatile nanoplatform, MA@E, that generates high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) with effective photothermal conversions in the removal of tumors. Enhanced stability liposomes were employed as carriers to facilitate the uniform distribution and stable storage of encapsulated gold nanorods (AuNRs) and Mn-MIL-100 metal-organic frameworks, with efficient delivery of MA@E to the cytoplasm.

Impact of renal artery stenosis on renovascular hypertension and the therapeutic role of renal artery stenting: a comprehensive review.

Background Renal artery stenosis (RAS) is characterized by reduced renal perfusion, activating the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), which can lead to secondary hypertension, ischemic nephropathy, and cardiac destabilization syndrome. These conditions have significant healthcare implications. Renovascular hypertension (RVH) in RAS patients can be managed through medical therapy and revascularization, either endovascular or surgical.

A global estimate of multiecosystem photosynthesis losses under microplastic pollution.

Understanding how ecosystems respond to ubiquitous microplastic (MP) pollution is crucial for ensuring global food security. Here, we conduct a multiecosystem meta-analysis of 3,286 data points and reveal that MP exposure leads to a global reduction in photosynthesis of 7.05 to 12.

Dynamic Ionic Environment Modulation for Precise Electrosynthesis of Heterostructured Bimetallic Nanoparticles.

Bimetallic heterostructures, including core-shell and Janus configurations, often offer unique electrocatalytic properties compared to monometallic nanoparticles. However, achieving precise control over both elemental composition and spatial arrangement within these structures remains a challenge. Here, an electrosynthesis method is introduced that enables the fabrication of heterostructured bimetallic nanoparticles with precise, independent control of their elemental distribution.

Association of ANA and SSA autoantibodies with progression-free survival in multiple myeloma: a retrospective cohort study.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between autoantibodies, specifically Antinuclear Antibody (ANA) and anti-Sjögren's-syndrome-related antigen A (SSA), and progression-free survival (PFS) in multiple myeloma (MM) patients.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 304 MM patients diagnosed between 2010 and 2020 at Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, with follow-up until October 2023. Patients were stratified based on ANA and SSA positivity.

Cohort Profile: TRacing Etiology of Non-communicable Diseases (TREND): Rationale, Progress and Perspective.

Unlabelled: The TRacing Etiology of Non-communicable Diseases (TREND) cohort is a prospective longitudinal cohort and biobank that is mainly based in Ma'anshan, Anhui Province, China. The primary aim of the study is to decipher comprehensive molecular characterization and deep phenotyping for a broad spectrum of chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs), which focuses on providing mechanistic insights with diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic implications. The recruitment was initiated in 2023 and is expected to complete in 2025 with 20,000 participants originated from urban and rural area.

Pathogenesis and treatment of perioperative hiccups: a narrative review.

Introduction: Hiccups affect 0.05% of general in-patients and up to 10% of patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease. Hiccups are typically self-limited.

Diversity of intestinal microbiota and inflammatory cytokines after severe trauma.

Accumulating evidence has reported that the intestinal microbiota could play important roles in the occurrence and progression of severe trauma. However, the hypothesized potential targeted intestinal microbiota to mediate and regulate the levels of inflammatory cytokines and promote rapid recovery of body after severe trauma remains unclear. This study was aimed to explore the changes and correlation of intestinal microbiota and inflammatory cytokines in rats with severe crush and fracture trauma.