A retrospective cross-sectional study on district-based socioeconomic status and prostate cancer diagnosis.

Introduction: Socioeconomic disparities have been linked to delayed prostate cancer diagnosis and poorer outcomes in various countries. This study aims to evaluate the socioeconomic disparities in prostate cancer diagnostics in Vienna, Austria, by examining initial prostate-specific antigen values and age at diagnosis across different districts and nationalities.

Methods: This retrospective study included 1356 prostate cancer patients treated at the Medical University of Vienna between 2012 and 2022.

Oncological Outcomes of Active Surveillance versus Surgery or Ablation for Patients with Small Renal Masses: A Systematic Review and Quantitative Analysis.

Background And Objective: While active surveillance (AS) is an alternative to surgical interventions in patients with small renal masses (SRMs), evidence regarding its oncological efficacy is still debated. We aimed to evaluate oncological outcomes for patients with SRMs who underwent AS in comparison to surgical interventions.

Methods: In April 2024, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were queried for comparative studies evaluating AS in patients with SRMs (PROSPERO: CRD42024530299).

The efficacy of adjuvant mitotane therapy and radiotherapy following adrenalectomy in patients with adrenocortical carcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare and aggressive malignancy with a high recurrence rate after surgical therapy with curative intent. Adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) and mitotane therapy have been proposed as options following the adrenalectomy. However, the efficacy of adjuvant RT or mitotane therapy remains controversial.

Treatment of adrenocortical carcinoma: oncological and endocrine outcomes.

Purpose Of Review: Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare, aggressive disease with a paucity of data and great variability between published studies regarding its treatment. This review provides information on current clinical management and oncological and endocrine outcomes.

Recent Findings: Complete surgical resection is the only potentially curative treatment for adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC).

Robot-Assisted Partial Nephrectomy Mid-Term Oncologic Outcomes: A Systematic Review.

Robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN) is used more and more in present days as a therapy option for surgical treatment of cT1 renal masses. Current guidelines equally recommend open (OPN), laparoscopic (LPN), or robotic partial nephrectomy (PN). The aim of this review was to analyze the most representative RAPN series in terms of reported oncological outcomes.

Diagnostic evaluation for adrenal tumors - What does the urologist need to know about endocrine metabolic work up?

Purpose Of Review: Adrenal lesions are commonly discovered on abdominal imaging studies, whereas some patients with adrenal tumors present with symptoms of homonal excess. They are categorized as either hormone active or inactive and either as benign or malignant. This review is focused on the endocrine work up in patients with adrenal tumors.

Recent pharmacological approaches for the treatment of renal cell carcinoma.

Introduction: Therapies combining either two immune check-point inhibitors (ICIs) or an ICI and a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) have been shown to improve overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS) and objective response rates (ORR) in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC); moreover, unprecedented rates of complete remission (CR) have been reported.

Areas Covered: Among six randomized trials of ICI combinations, four have outperformed the TKI sunitinib in terms of OS. The CheckMate 214 trial investigated the combination of nivolumab (a programmed cell death protein 1 [PD-1] inhibitor) and ipilimumab (a cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 [CTLA-4)] inhibitor).

The impact of lymphovascular invasion in patients treated with radical nephroureterectomy for upper tract urothelial carcinoma: An extensive updated systematic review and meta-analysis.

Patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) often have a delayed diagnosis and by then, present with advanced disease which has been shown to be associated with lymphovascular invasion (LVI). It has been suggested to be involved in the metastatic cascade of the disease. In this review, we provide an extensive up-to-date summary of the current knowledge about the prognostic impact of LVI in patients undergoing radical nephroureterectomy (RNU).

Immunotherapy-based combinations in the first-line treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma with sarcomatoid features: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Purpose Of Review: To perform indirect comparisons of efficacy and safety of first-line immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-based combination therapies for renal cell carcinoma with sarcomatoid features (sRCC).

Recent Findings: Five trials were included in our network meta-analyses comprising 568 patients. The combinations nivolumab plus ipilimumab and nivolumab plus cabozantinib achieved significant improvement of progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and objective response rates (ORR).

Outcome of immune checkpoint inhibitors in metastatic renal cell carcinoma across different treatment lines.

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have led to a paradigm change in the management of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). Prospective trials have focused on ICI treatment in the first or second line. The aim of this analysis is to evaluate the benefit of ICI across different treatment lines.

COVID-19 crisis and minimally invasive surgery: a narrative review on intraoperative aerosol viral transmission and their impact on guidelines and clinical practice in Austria.

Purpose Of Review: The purpose of this review is to evaluate the risk of intraoperative aerosol viral transmission and the impact of updated COVID-19 guidelines on minimally invasive surgery (MIS) in Austria.

Recent Findings: The current literature does not support the risk of intraoperative viral transmission nor does it suggest a harm of minimally invasive procedures in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, medical societies mostly adopted a precautionary approach with a focus on protective measures.

Adverse events of systemic immune-based combination therapies in the first-line treatment of patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma: systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Purpose Of Review: To compare the safety profiles of systemic immune checkpoint inhibitor-based combination therapies that were evaluated in the first-line setting of the management of patients with advanced or metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC).

Recent Findings: Six phase III randomized control trials comparing first-line immune-based combination therapies to sunitinib in previously untreated patients with mRCC. Network meta-analyses were conducted to compare treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs), treatment discontinuation, and treatment-related mortality.

First-line Immunotherapy-based Combinations for Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis.

Context: There have been substantial changes in the management of patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) over the past decade, with upfront immunotherapy-based combinations replacing targeted therapies. A broad range of combinations have been approved, and comparisons of their efficacy and safety are needed to guide the optimal choice of first-line therapy.

Objective: To perform indirect comparisons of efficacy and safety of first-line immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-based combination therapies for mRCC.

Dual immune check point blockade or immune check point-tyrosine kinase inhibitor combination: as a first-line treatment in metastatic renal cell carcinoma?

Purpose Of Review: To discuss treatment decisions in the first-line setting of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC).

Recent Findings: Immune check point inhibitor (ICI) combinations have replaced sunitinib as the standard of care in the first-line treatment of mRCC. Dual ICI treatment with nivolumab and ipilimumab was shown to significantly improve overall survival and objective response rates.

Molecular biomarkers in the context of focal therapy for prostate cancer: recommendations of a Delphi Consensus from the Focal Therapy Society.

Background: Focal therapy (FT) for prostate cancer (PCa) is promising. However, long-term oncological results are awaited and there is no consensus on follow-up strategies. Molecular biomarkers (MB) may be useful in selecting, treating and following up men undergoing FT, though there is limited evidence in this field to guide practice.

The Predictive Value of Programmed Death Ligand 1 in Patients with Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Treated with Immune-checkpoint Inhibitors: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Context: Immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are a mainstay treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). As not all patients benefit from ICIs, a biomarker-driven clinical decision-making strategy is desirable.

Objective: To assess the predictive value of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) in mRCC patients treated with ICIs.

Intraoperative aerosol viral transmission in minimally invasive surgery: a scoping review and impact on clinical guidelines and practice during the onset of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.

Objective: To identify the available evidence on aerosol viral transmission risk during minimally invasive surgery (MIS) and evaluate its impact on guidelines development and clinical activity worldwide during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.

Methods: We performed a scoping review on PubMed, Cochrane, the Excerpta Medica dataBASE (EMBASE), Clinical Trial Register, and the Grey Literature Repository databases, to identify reports on viral transmission via surgical smoke or aerosolisation. A systematic review of all available national and international guidelines was also performed to report their recommendations.

A Microdosing Study with Tc-PHC-102 for the SPECT/CT Imaging of Primary and Metastatic Lesions in Renal Cell Carcinoma Patients.

Tc-PHC-102 is a Tc-labeled derivative of acetazolamide, a high-affinity small organic ligand of carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX). Tc-PHC-102 has previously shown favorable in vivo biodistribution properties in mouse models of CAIX-positive clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and colorectal cancer. In this study, we aimed to explore the targeting performance of Tc-PHC-102 in SPECT in patients with renal cell carcinoma while also assessing the safety and tolerability of the radiotracer.

Metastasectomy in patients with renal cell carcinoma: when and how?

Purpose Of Review: The role of metastasectomy in the management of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) remains controversial. The aim of this review is to summarize and evaluate the recent findings about the surgical treatment of patients with mRCC focusing on the literature published in the last 2 years.

Recent Findings: Despite the lack of randomized controlled trials, the benefit of metastasectomy in term of cancer-specific and overall survival have been demonstrated in large observational studies.

Prognostic value of the systemic inflammation modified Glasgow prognostic score in patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) treated with radical nephroureterectomy: Results from a large multicenter international collaboration.

Introduction And Objectives: To evaluate the prognostic role of modified Glasgow prognostic score (mGPS) for the prediction of oncological outcomes in a retrospective large multicenter cohort of upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) patients treated with radical nephroureterectomy (RNU).

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively analyzed a multicenter cohort of patients treated with RNU for clinically nonmetastatic UTUC. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the ability of mGPS to predict nonorgan confined (NOC) disease and lymph-node involvement (LNI) at RNU.

Sunitinib Rechallenge in Patients With Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma.

Background: Sunitinib has been the standard of care for patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). However, nearly all patients will eventually develop resistance. Before the introduction of novel agents, few treatment options remained after sunitinib failure.

PTRF independently predicts progression and survival in multiracial upper tract urothelial carcinoma following radical nephroureterectomy.

Objectives: Polymerase I and transcript release factor (PTRF) has been implicated in cancer biology but its role in upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) is unknown. From a pilot transcriptome, we identified PTRF was significantly upregulated in high stage UTUC. Bladder cancer transcriptome from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) supported our finding and high PTRF level also predicted poor survival.

EAU-ESMO Consensus Statements on the Management of Advanced and Variant Bladder Cancer-An International Collaborative Multistakeholder Effort: Under the Auspices of the EAU-ESMO Guidelines Committees.

Background: Although guidelines exist for advanced and variant bladder cancer management, evidence is limited/conflicting in some areas and the optimal approach remains controversial.

Objective: To bring together a large multidisciplinary group of experts to develop consensus statements on controversial topics in bladder cancer management.

Design: A steering committee compiled proposed statements regarding advanced and variant bladder cancer management which were assessed by 113 experts in a Delphi survey.

EAU-ESMO consensus statements on the management of advanced and variant bladder cancer-an international collaborative multi-stakeholder effort: under the auspices of the EAU and ESMO Guidelines Committees†.

Background: Although guidelines exist for advanced and variant bladder cancer management, evidence is limited/conflicting in some areas and the optimal approach remains controversial.

Objective: To bring together a large multidisciplinary group of experts to develop consensus statements on controversial topics in bladder cancer management.

Design: A steering committee compiled proposed statements regarding advanced and variant bladder cancer management which were assessed by 113 experts in a Delphi survey.