Incidence of acute rejection and patient survival in combined heart-liver transplantation.

Combined heart-liver transplantation (CHLT) is indicated for patients with concomitant end-stage heart and liver disease or patients with amyloid heart disease where liver transplantation mitigates progression. Limited data suggest that the liver allograft provides immunoprotection for heart and kidney allografts in combined transplantation from the same donor. We hypothesized that CHLT reduces the incidence of acute cellular rejection (ACR) and the development of de novo donor-specific antibodies (DSAs) compared with heart-alone transplantation (HA).

Brief Report: Nicotine Metabolism Ratio Increases in HIV-Positive Smokers on Effective Antiretroviral Therapy: A Cohort Study.

Background: People with HIV (PWH) smoke tobacco at much higher rates than the general population. Previous research has shown that PWH have faster nicotine metabolism than HIV-uninfected individuals, which may underlie this disparity, but the cause is unknown. We investigated whether higher nicotine metabolite ratio (NMR; 3-hydroxycotinine:cotinine), a validated biomarker of nicotine metabolism through CYP2A6, was associated with antiretroviral use among HIV-infected smokers.