Muscle-derived fibro-adipogenic progenitor cells for production of cultured bovine adipose tissue.

Cultured meat is an emergent technology with the potential for significant environmental and animal welfare benefits. Accurate mimicry of traditional meat requires fat tissue; a key contributor to both the flavour and texture of meat. Here, we show that fibro-adipogenic progenitor cells (FAPs) are present in bovine muscle, and are transcriptionally and immunophenotypically distinct from satellite cells.

Treatment results and long-term stability of anterior open bite malocclusion.

Objectives: To evaluate treatment results and long-term stability of anterior open bite malocclusion and to identify predictive factors for both treatment results and their stability.

Design: Retrospective study.

Setting And Sample Population: The Department of Orthodontics and Oral Biology at the Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, The Netherlands.

Microdontia after chemotherapy in a child treated for neuroblastoma.

Objective: Chemotherapy used on paediatric oncology patients often causes disturbances in dental development. Aim of this case report is to present the late effects of chemotherapy on dental development in a patient treated for neuroblastoma at early age.

Design: Case report.

The multiply injured child.

The treatment of multiple traumas in children requires knowledge of common injury patterns, incidence, mortality, and the consequences and differences between these injuries in children and adult patients. However, epidemiological studies concerning pediatric multiple trauma are rare. To address this, data were collected and analyzed from 682 multiple trauma patients treated at a Level I trauma center.

Appraisal of early evaluation of blunt chest trauma: development of a standardized scoring system for initial clinical decision making.

Background: Current techniques for assessment of chest trauma rely on clinical diagnoses or scoring systems. However, there is no generally accepted standard for early judgement of the severity of these injuries, especially in regards to related complications. This drawback may have a significant impact on the management of skeletal injuries, which are frequently associated with chest trauma.

Levels of antibodies to endotoxin and cytokine release in patients with severe trauma: does posttraumatic dysergy contribute to organ failure?

Background: We conducted a prospective study in patients with multiple injuries investigating the time course of trauma-related changes of systemic immunologic defense mechanisms.

Methods: Patients with multiple injuries with Injury Severity Scores of more than 20 were included if they survived for more than 4 days after injury. Further inclusion criteria were no local or systemic infection (pneumonia, sepsis, soft-tissue infection, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, tuberculosis, etc.

Reticuloendothelial system activity and organ failure in patients with multiple injuries.

Hypothesis: Reticuloendothelial system function is altered in patients with multiple trauma and organ failure.

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Setting: Surgical intensive care unit at a level I trauma center.

Is early kinetic positioning beneficial for pulmonary function in multiple trauma patients?

Body positioning (kinetic therapy) is known to improve oxygenation in patients with impaired pulmonary function and ARDS. We have used body positioning prophylactically in trauma patients whose injury and pattern predispose to ARDS. This retrospective study reports the effects of early prophylactic (group P) versus late (group L) axial rotation on pulmonary function and the incidence of ARDS.

Multiple organ failure (MOF) after severe trauma--a sheep model.

Objective: To perform a reproducible long-term (10 days) large animal model of multiple systems organ failure without necessity of a continuous stimulus.

Design: Adult female merino sheep submitted to a 5-day stimulation period followed by a 5-day observation period. Day 1: Hemorrhagic shock was combined with a traumatic surgical insult (reamed intramedullary femoral nailing), followed by serial administrations every 12 h for 5 days of a combination of endotoxin and zymosan activated plasma.

Testosterone: the crucial hormone responsible for depressing myocardial function in males after trauma-hemorrhage.

Objective: To determine whether testosterone depletion in males before trauma-hemorrhage has any salutary effects on cardiac performance after hemorrhage and resuscitation.

Summary Background Data: Studies indicate that castration of male mice before trauma-hemorrhage prevents the immunodepression seen after hemorrhage and resuscitation. However, the effect of precastration on cardiac performance under such conditions remains unknown.

[Pediatric polytrauma. A retrospective comparison between pediatric, adolescent and adult polytrauma].

Numerous epidemiological studies about multiple trauma patients do not include an analysis of patients under the age of 18. To study this, the data of 682 patients with multiple traumata, treated between 1981 and 1991 at Hannover Medical School, Germany, were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into four age-related groups: preschool age (< 6 years), school age (< 13 years), teenagers (< 18 years) and adults (> or = 18 years).

[Contribution of soft tissue trauma and/or bone fracture to immune suppression after hemorrhagic shock in the animal experiment].

Bone fracture, soft-tissue trauma and hemorrhagic shock are frequent complications in trauma patients, and these patients are known to be immunocompromised. Nonetheless, it is difficult to differentiate the effect of soft-tissue trauma plus hemorrhage from that of bone fracture and hemorrhage on host immune function in the clinical setting. To determine this experimentally, closed bone fracture (right lower leg) and/or soft-tissue trauma (2.

Chronic resuscitation after trauma-hemorrhage and acute fluid replacement improves hepatocellular function and cardiac output.

Objective: To determine whether prolonged (chronic) resuscitation has any beneficial effects on cardiac output and hepatocellular function after trauma-hemorrhage and acute fluid replacement.

Background Data: Acute fluid resuscitation after trauma-hemorrhage restores but does not maintain the depressed hepatocellular function and cardiac output.

Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent a 5-cm laparotomy (i.

Testosterone receptor blockade after trauma-hemorrhage improves cardiac and hepatic functions in males.

Although studies have shown that testosterone receptor blockade with flutamide after hemorrhage restores the depressed immune function, it remains unknown whether administration of flutamide following trauma and hemorrhage and resuscitation has any salutary effects on the depressed cardiovascular and hepatocellular functions. To study this, male rats underwent a laparotomy (representing trauma) and were then bled and maintained at a mean arterial pressure (MAP) of 40 mmHg until the animals could not maintain this pressure. Ringer lactate was given to maintain a MAP of 40 mmHg until 40% of the maximal shed blood volume was returned in the form of Ringer lactate.

Rehabilitation results of patients with multiple injuries and multiple organ failure and long-term intensive care.

Background: Multiple organ failure is regarded to be the major complication of trauma victims treated in the intensive care unit. Long-term rehabilitation results of this special group of patients have not been analyzed so far.

Methods: Fifty patients with multiple injuries and multiple organ failure (Injury Severity Score > or = 36.

Attenuation of multiple organ dysfunction in a chronic sheep model by the 21-aminosteroid U74389G.

Animal studies have shown that 21-aminosteroids have beneficial effects on cell and organ functions in several acute models of traumatic, hemorrhagic, and septic shock. However, it is not known if the 21-aminosteroid U74389G has any beneficial effect on organ functions in a recently developed chronic sheep model of multiple organ dysfunction after trauma. Furthermore, it is not known whether this drug has any effect on in vivo leukocyte function in this animal model.

Aprotinin prevents the development of the trauma-induced multiple organ failure in a chronic sheep model.

Trauma-induced multiple organ failure in sheep was prevented by aprotinin therapy. Multiple organ failure was induced in 16 female merino sheep by initial haemorrhagic shock and intramedullary femoral nailing (day 0), and 12 hourly injections of 0.75 micrograms/kg Escherichia coli endotoxin +0.

[Pulmonary complications following intramedullary stabilization of long bones. Effect of surgical procedure, time and injury pattern].

Early operative treatment of femur fractures is recommended in multiple trauma patients regardless of the pattern of injuries. However, in our clinical experience primary (< 24 h) reamed nailing of a femur shaft fracture in multiple trauma patients is associated with an unusually high number of pulmonary complications, especially in the presence of additional chest trauma. Based on these subjective observations, two clinical studies were done: (1) retrospectively (766 multiple traumatized patients), a higher ARDS incidence in patients with thoracic trauma and primary intramedullary nailing was found; (2) in a prospective clinical study patients submitted to femoral reaming showed a significant increase in pulmonary arterial pressure during the reaming phase, as well as transient worsening of pulmonary function (PaO2/FiO2).

Intramedullary femoral nailing in sheep: does severe injury predispose to pulmonary dysfunction?

Objective: To find out if intramedullary nailing affects lung function and microvascular permeability whether or not the lung is already injured; if so whether a different method of fixation would diminish the effect; and are the pathogenetic changes related to mechanisms known to precipitate adult respiratory distress syndrome?

Design: Experimental study.

Setting: University hospital, Germany.

Material: 29 Adult female merino sheep.

Posttraumatic multiple organ failure--a report on clinical and autopsy findings.

In a retrospective analysis, clinical data and histological specimens were obtained from patients (n = 59) who died of severe injury. Three groups with comparable injury severity were differentiated according to the time of death. In group A (death, within 24 h) (n = 15) despite multiple injuries, patients almost always died from brain injury.

Pulmonary damage after intramedullary femoral nailing in traumatized sheep--is there an effect from different nailing methods?

Stabilization of femoral shaft fractures is a controversial issue in the management of patients with multiple trauma. Intramedullary nailing usually is preferred primarily; in recent years, however, pulmonary complications (e.g.