Vertebrate damage to Azorean vineyards: the role of the endemic Azores Woodpigeon Columba palumbus azorica.

In the Azores, complaints about grape loss to birds have become recurrent. Although winegrowers frequently blame the endemic Azores Woodpigeon Columba palumbus azorica, data about the magnitude of grape damage and the species responsible for them are lacking. This study provides detailed information about grape damage caused by vertebrates on Pico Island, home to the main wine-growing area of the region.

[Immunohistochemical diagnosis of colonic spirochetosis with anti-treponema antibody in patients consulting for chronic diarrhea. Results of a prospective study conducted in 137 patients].

Aim: To assess the incidence of colonic spirochetosis, diagnosed by immunohistochemical stain with anti-Treponema pallidum antibody, in a prospective study of colonic biopsies of patients presenting with chronic diarrhea.

Material And Methods: From March 2017 to March 2018 the colonic biopsies of patients presenting with chronic diarrhea were stained with Hematoxylin Eosin and anti-Treponema pallidum antibody. The positive cases were also stained with Steiner stain.