Neuroimmune Modulation Through Vagus Nerve Stimulation Reduces Inflammatory Activity in Crohn's Disease Patients: A Prospective Open-label Study.

Background And Aims: Crohn's disease [CD] is a debilitating, inflammatory condition affecting the gastrointestinal tract. There is no cure and sustained clinical and endoscopic remission is achieved by fewer than half of patients with current therapies. The immunoregulatory function of the vagus nerve, the 'inflammatory reflex', has been established in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and biologic-naive CD.

Clinical Outcomes with Targeted Temperature Management (TTM) in Comatose Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Patients-A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Purpose: we evaluated the effects of the shift of a targeted temperature management (TTM) strategy from 33 °C to 36 °C in comatose out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Methods: we performed a retrospective study of all comatose (GCS < 8) OHCA patients treated with TTM from 2010 to 2018 (n = 798) from a single-center academic hospital. We analyzed 90-day mortality, and neurological outcome (CPC score) at ICU discharge and ICU length of stay, as primary and secondary outcomes, respectively.

Comprehensive CADM1 promoter methylation analysis in NSCLC and normal lung specimens.

Methylation-mediated silencing of the tumour suppressor CADM1 has been functionally linked to lung cancer development. We aimed to determine whether CADM1 promoter methylation is a candidate early detection marker for lung cancer. To this end frozen tissue samples of 36 non-small cell lung cancers, 26 corresponding tumour distant normal tissue samples as well as 6 samples of normal lung from non-lung cancer patients were tested for DNA methylation at three different regions within the CADM1 promoter (M1, M5 and M9) using methylation specific PCR followed by methylation specific reverse line blot analysis.

Prognostic value of hTERT mRNA expression in surgical samples of lung cancer patients: the European Early Lung Cancer Project.

Lung cancer is the most important cause of cancer-related mortality. Resectability and eligibility for treatment with adjuvant chemotherapy is determined by staging according to the TNM classification. Other determinants of tumour behaviour that predict disease outcome, such as molecular markers, may improve decision-making.

The finding of premalignant lesions is not associated with smoking cessation in chemoprevention study volunteers.

Background And Study Aims: Screening programs for lung cancer may lead to a heightened awareness of the risks of smoking and enhance quitting. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the participation on a chemoprevention study for premalignant lesions could influence smoking cessation.

Methods: Two hundred one volunteers, current (n = 188) and former smokers (n = 13) with more than 20 pack years had been screened for the chemoprevention study.

Color fluorescence ratio for detection of bronchial dysplasia and carcinoma in situ.

Background: Autofluorescence bronchoscopy is more sensitive than conventional bronchoscopy for detecting early airway mucosal lesions. Decreased specificity can lead to excessive biopsy and increased procedural time. Onco-LIFE, a device that combines fluorescence and reflectance imaging, allows numeric representation by expressing red-to-green ratio (R/G ratio) within the region of interest.

CT detected indeterminate pulmonary nodules in a chemoprevention trial of fluticasone.

Introduction: In animal models of lung carcinogenesis, inhaled corticosteroids appear to reduce the number of new lung tumors. In a trial of budesonide in smokers with bronchial dysplasia, the proportion of indeterminate CT detected pulmonary nodules that resolved was larger in the treatment group. We performed a secondary analysis of CT data of subjects at risk of lung cancer enrolled in a chemoprevention trial of fluticasone.

The influence of fluticasone inhalation on markers of carcinogenesis in bronchial epithelium.

Rationale: Bronchial epithelium exposed to cigarette smoke undergoes a series of histologic changes that may ultimately lead to invasive cancer. Inhaled corticosteroids reduce the number of lung tumors developing in rats exposed to cigarette smoke.

Objectives: We studied the effect of inhaled fluticasone on premalignant lesions in smokers and patients curatively treated for head and neck cancer or lung cancer.