Low-Dose Radiation Induces Alterations in Fatty Acid and Tyrosine Metabolism in the Mouse Hippocampus: Insights from Integrated Multiomics.

In recent years, there has been a drastic surge in neurological disorders with sporadic cases contributing more than ever to their cause. Radiation exposure through diagnostic or therapeutic routes often results in neurological injuries that may lead to neurodegenerative pathogenesis. However, the underlying mechanisms regulating the neurological impact of exposure to near-low doses of ionizing radiation are not known.

Low-dose exposure to malathion and radiation results in the dysregulation of multiple neuronal processes, inducing neurotoxicity and neurodegeneration in mouse.

Neurodegenerative disorders are a debilitating and persistent threat to the global elderly population, carrying grim outcomes. Their genesis is often multifactorial, with a history of prior exposure to xenobiotics such as pesticides, heavy metals, enviornmental pollutants, ionizing radiation etc,. A holistic molecular insight into their mechanistic induction upon single or combinatorial exposure to different toxicants is still unclear.

Pelvic irradiation induces behavioural and neuronal damage through gut dysbiosis in a rat model.

Radiation exposure can cause gut dysbiosis and there is a positive correlation between gut microbial imbalance and radiation-induced side effects in cancer patients. However, the influence of radiation on the gut-brain axis (GBA) and its neurological consequences are not well understood. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the impact of pelvic irradiation on gut microbiota and the brain.

Organophosphate pesticide-induced toxicity through DNA damage and DNA repair mechanisms.

Organophosphate pesticides (OPs) are widely used in agriculture, healthcare, and other industries due to their ability to kill pests. However, OPs can also have genotoxic effects on humans who are exposed to them. This review summarizes the research on DNA damage caused by OPs, the mechanisms behind this damage, and the resulting cellular effects.

Radioprotective potential of probiotics against gastrointestinal and neuronal toxicity: a preclinical study.

Purpose: Radiotherapy is a critical component of cancer treatment, along with surgery and chemotherapy. Approximately, 90% of cancer patients undergoing pelvic radiotherapy show gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity, including bloody diarrhea, and gastritis, most of which are associated with gut dysbiosis. In addition to the direct effect of radiation on the brain, pelvic irradiation can alter the gut microbiome, leading to inflammation and breakdown of the gut-blood barrier.

Pesticides Exposure-Induced Changes in Brain Metabolome: Implications in the Pathogenesis of Neurodegenerative Disorders.

Pesticides have been used in agriculture, public health programs, and pharmaceuticals for many decades. Though pesticides primarily target pests by affecting their nervous system and causing other lethal effects, these chemical entities also exert toxic effects in inadvertently exposed humans through inhalation or ingestion. Mounting pieces of evidence from cellular, animal, and clinical studies indicate that pesticide-exposed models display metabolite alterations of pathways involved in neurodegenerative diseases.

Modulation of CREB and its associated upstream signaling pathways in pesticide-induced neurotoxicity.

Human beings are exposed to various environmental xenobiotics throughout their life consisting of a broad range of physical and chemical agents that impart bodily harm. Among these, pesticide exposure that destroys insects mainly by damaging their central nervous system also exerts neurotoxic effects on humans and is implicated in the etiology of several degenerative disorders. The connectivity between CREB (cAMP Response Element Binding Protein) signaling activation and neuronal activity is of broad interest and has been thoroughly studied in various diseased states.

Effects of low dose ionizing radiation on the brain- a functional, cellular, and molecular perspective.

Over the years, the advancement of radio diagnostic imaging tools and techniques has radically improved the diagnosis of different pathophysiological conditions, accompanied by increased exposure to low-dose ionizing radiation. Though the consequences of high dose radiation exposure on humans are very well comprehended, the more publicly relevant effects of low dose radiation (LDR) (≤100 mGy) exposure on the biological system remain ambiguous. The central nervous system, predominantly the developing brain with more neuronal precursor cells, is exceptionally radiosensitive and thus more liable to neurological insult even at low doses, as shown through several rodent studies.

Bi-Directional interactions between microbiota and ionizing radiation in head and neck and pelvic radiotherapy - clinical relevance.

Rapid developments in high throughput screening technology for the detection and identification of the human microbiota have helped in understanding its influence on human health and disease. In the recent past, several seminal studies have demonstrated the influence of microbiota on outcomes of therapy-associated radiation exposure. In this review, we highlight the concepts related to the mechanisms by which radiation alters the microbiota composition linked with radiation-associated toxicity in head and neck and pelvic regions.