Effect of growth hormone dose on bone maturation and puberty in children with idiopathic short stature.

Context: GH at 0.22 mg/kg.wk has been shown to have no effect on pubertal onset or pace, whereas GH at 0.

Safety of growth hormone treatment in pediatric patients with idiopathic short stature.

Context: Recombinant human GH was approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration in 2003 for the treatment of idiopathic short stature (ISS). However, to date, the safety of GH in this patient population has not been rigorously studied.

Objective: The objective of this study was to address the safety of GH treatment in children with ISS compared with GH safety in patient populations for which GH has been approved previously: Turner syndrome (TS) and GH deficiency (GHD).

Growth hormone (GH) treatment to final height in children with idiopathic short stature: evidence for a dose effect.

Objectives: To investigate in an open-label randomized study, the effect of two doses of growth hormone (GH) on final height and height velocity during the first 2 years of treatment of children with idiopathic short stature (mean baseline height standard deviation score [SDS] -3.2).

Study Design: Patients were treated with GH at 0.

Ligation of the uterine artery and early postnatal food restriction - animal models for growth retardation.

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is one of the major causes of short stature in child- and adulthood. The cause of IUGR is unknown, however, an impaired uteroplacental function during the second half of human pregnancy might be an important factor, by affecting the programming of somatotropic axis and leading to postnatal growth failure into adulthood. Two rat models with perinatally induced growth retardation were used to examine the long-term effects of perinatal insults on growth.

Aging women with polycystic ovary syndrome who achieve regular menstrual cycles have a smaller follicle cohort than those who continue to have irregular cycles.

Objective: To examine whether follicle loss due to ovarian aging is responsible for the occurrence of regular menstrual cycles in aging women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), the size of the FSH-sensitive follicle cohort was estimated by the exogenous follicle-stimulating hormone ovarian reserve test (EFORT) and related to the follicle count as measured by ultrasound.

Design: Prospective study.

Setting: Reproductive endocrinology unit of an academic medical center.

Adult height in patients with early onset of Crohn's disease.

Background: Growth impairment during childhood and adolescence is a common problem faced by patients with an early onset of Crohn's disease.

Aims: To establish how the final adult height is affected in patients with early onset of symptoms of Crohn's disease.

Methods: Information on height, parental height, and disease history was obtained from 135 patients with Crohn's disease who reached their adult height (men 22-40 years, women 18-40 years) using a questionnaire and by outpatient measurement of height where possible.

Birth weight corrected for gestational age is related to the incidence of Down's syndrome pregnancies.

Three recent studies reported that early depletion of the primordial follicle pool is likely to be an independent risk factor for Down's syndrome pregnancies. The size of the primordial follicle pool at birth is determined by oogenesis and by the rate of follicle atresia during the intra uterine period. Since intra uterine growth retardation was reported to be associated with a significantly reduced primordial follicle pool at birth, we investigated the possibility of a relation between low birth weight for gestational age and the risk of a Down's syndrome pregnancy.

Final height gain by GH therapy in children with idiopathic short stature is dose dependent.

Recombinant human GH therapy to children with idiopathic short stature (ISS) increases growth velocity, but its effect on final height (FH) is still uncertain. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of recombinant human GH on FH of patients with ISS who were treated according to two protocols in comparison to untreated historical controls. In study 1 (n = 24), all patients were treated with 14 IU (4.

Progressively motile human spermatozoa are well protected against in vitro lipid peroxidation imposed by induced oxidative stress.

Semen samples of 24 patients were analysed. Volumes were measured and the numbers of progressively motile (PMS), motile (MS) and nonmotile spermatozoa (NMS) were determined. These 24 samples appeared to show a large variation in motility percentages and numbers.

The rise of estradiol and inhibin B after acute stimulation with follicle-stimulating hormone predict the follicle cohort size in women with polycystic ovary syndrome, regularly menstruating women with polycystic ovaries, and regularly menstruating women with normal ovaries.

Polycystic ovaries contain a larger number of antral follicles than control ovaries. The aim of this study was to test whether the increase in estradiol (E(2)) and inhibin B after stimulation with 300 IU recombinant FSH in the early follicular phase and the ovarian volume can predict the size of the follicle cohort in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients (n = 10), patients with polycystic ovaries detected by ultrasound but with regular menstrual cycles (PCO; n = 10), and regularly menstruating patients with normal ovaries (n = 10). The follicle cohort size was measured as the FSH-sensitive follicles growing during a standardized in vitro fertilization stimulation.

Dose-finding study of triptorelin acetate for prevention of a premature LH surge in IVF: a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonists (GnRHa) are routinely used in IVF programmes to prevent an unwanted LH surge and consequent ovulation. Despite its widespread use in IVF, a convincing dose recommendation for GnRHa in IVF does not exist. In our opinion, the lowest possible dose of GnRHa should be used.

Academic career after treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.

Aim: To evaluate academic career in long term survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), in comparison to their healthy siblings.

Patients: Ninety four children treated for ALL with cranial irradiation 18 or 25 Gy and intrathecal methotrexate as CNS prophylaxis. Median age at evaluation was 20 years; median follow up since diagnosis was 15 years at the time of the study.

Influence of growth hormone treatment on pubertal timing and pubertal growth in children with idiopathic short stature. Dutch Growth Hormone Working Group.

We studied the influence of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) on pubertal timing and pubertal growth in children with idiopathic short stature (ISS), and evaluated whether this was different between children with and without intra-uterine growth retardation (IUGR). Twenty-six (18 M, 6 IUGR; 'treated') subjects were treated with rhGH (6-7 days/week, dosage: 14-28 IU/m2 per week [i.e.

Changes in body composition during 12 months after discontinuation of growth hormone therapy in young adults with growth hormone deficiency from childhood.

Little is known about the velocity of changes in body composition after discontinuation of GH therapy at final height. The aim of this study was to describe the changes of fat distribution in male and female GH deficient young adults during the first year after discontinuation of GH therapy. Ten Dutch GH deficient young adults who had reached final height were retested and confirmed to be still GH deficient.

Women with polycystic ovary syndrome gain regular menstrual cycles when ageing.

The aim of this study was to investigate if previously oligo- or amenorrhoeic polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients gain regular menstrual cycles when ageing. Women registered as having PCOS, based on the combination of oligo- or amenorrhoea and an increased LH concentration, were invited by letter to participate in a questionnaire by telephone. In this questionnaire we asked for the prevalent menstrual cycle pattern, which we scored in regular cycles (persistently shorter than 6 weeks) or irregular cycles (longer than 6 weeks).

Corticosteroids do not influence ovarian responsiveness to gonadotropins in patients with premature ovarian failure: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial.

Objective: To determine the effect of corticosteroids on ovarian responsiveness to exogenous gonadotropins in patients with idiopathic premature ovarian failure (POF).

Design: Placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind, multicenter study.

Setting: Two tertiary care academic centers for reproductive endocrinology and fertility and two general teaching hospitals.

Quality of life of young adults with idiopathic short stature: effect of growth hormone treatment. Dutch Growth Hormone Working Group.

The aim of the study was to evaluate whether treatment with recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) affects the quality of life of young adults who were diagnosed as idiopathic short stature (ISS) during childhood, and whether their quality of life and aspects of the personality are different from normal. Experiences and expectations concerning rhGH treatment of the subjects and their parents were also investigated. Eighty-nine subjects were included into the study: 24 subjects (16M, 8F) were treated with rhGH from childhood, whereas 65 subjects (40M, 25F) were never treated.

Growth hormone therapy with three dosage regimens in children with idiopathic short stature. European Study Group Participating Investigators.

Objective: In children with idiopathic short stature (ISS) we studied the growth-promoting effect at 4 years of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) therapy in three dose regimens and evaluated whether increasing the dosage after the first year could prevent a decline in height velocity (HV).

Design: Included were 223 patients who were treated with subcutaneous administrations of rhGH 6 days per week. They were randomized to three groups: 3 IU/m2 body surface/day, 4.

Longitudinal analysis of growth in children with idiopathic short stature.

In this study the growth curves of 229 children (145 boys, 84 girls ) with idiopathic short stature (ISS) were analysed in three ways: (1) we compared the results of longitudinal modelling by means of Karlberg's ICP model with those of a cross-sectional analysis; (2) we studied to what extent an individual changes his/her height standard deviation score (SDS) position during childhood; and (3) we constructed height velocity curves for children with ISS using Cole's LMS method, and compared these with the British references. During childhood the difference between the average longitudinal and the cross-sectional height curves was less than 1 cm and the spread was almost identical. The average change in height SDS during childhood was not different from zero, indicating that in general growth of children with ISS was well canalized.

Spontaneous growth in idiopathic short stature. European Study Group.

Documenting the spontaneous growth pattern of children with idiopathic short stature (ISS) should be helpful in evaluating the effects of growth promoting treatments. Growth curves for children with ISS were constructed, based on 229 untreated children (145 boys and 84 girls) from nine European countries. The children were subdivided according to target range and onset of puberty, and the growth of these subgroups was evaluated from standard deviation scores (SDS).

Immunologic studies in children with idiopathic short stature before and during growth hormone therapy. Dutch Growth Hormone Working Group.

In 34 children with idiopathic short stature (ISS) we studied parameters of humoral and cellular immunity before and during growth hormone (GH) therapy. The patients were treated with recombinant human GH 3.0 or 4.

Final height and long-term outcome after growth hormone therapy in Turner syndrome: results of a German multicentre trial.

Final height was investigated in 85 patients from a German multicentre trial of human growth hormone (GH) therapy in Turner syndrome. Six patients (mean age, 15.4 +/- 1.