Parathyroid response to vitamin D insufficiency: relations to bone, body composition and to lifestyle characteristics.

Background: Vitamin D insufficiency is very common and is known to cause secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT). However, in some subjects the PTH response to low vitamin D levels is blunted, which has been termed functional hypoparathyroidism (FHPT).

Aim: We compared indices of calcium homeostasis, bone metabolism and body composition in subjects with differential PTH responses to low vitamin D levels.

Dietary intake of folate, but not vitamin B2 or B12, is associated with increased bone mineral density 5 years after the menopause: results from a 10-year follow-up study in early postmenopausal women.

Folate, vitamin B2 (riboflavin), and vitamin B12 may affect bone directly or through an effect on plasma homocysteine levels. Previously, a positive association has been found between plasma levels and bone mineral density (BMD) as well as risk of fracture. However, there are limited data on whether dietary intakes affect bone.

Anxiolytics and sedatives and risk of fractures: effects of half-life.

To study the risk of fractures associated with anxiolytics, sedatives, and hypnotics, we conducted a case-control study. Cases were all subjects with any fracture during the year 2000 (n = 124,655). For each case, three controls (n = 373,962) matched on age and gender were randomly drawn from the background population.

Has mortality after a hip fracture increased?

Objectives: To study changes in mortality and causes of death in patients suffering a hip fracture between 1981 and 2001.

Design: Historic, register-based cohort study.

Setting: Nationwide cohort study in Denmark.

Fracture risk in patients with chronic lung diseases treated with bronchodilator drugs and inhaled and oral corticosteroids.

Background: Chronic lung diseases and drugs used to treat patients with chronic lung diseases may be associated with an increased fracture risk.

Methods: The design was a case-control study of all patients with a fracture (n=124,655) in the year 2000 in Denmark as case subjects. For each case subject, three age- and gender-matched control subjects were randomly drawn from the general population (n=373,962).

Fracture risk associated with parkinsonism and anti-Parkinson drugs.

We studied fracture risk associated with parkinsonism (including Parkinson's disease) and drugs used to treat these conditions in a case-control study. Cases were all subjects with any fracture during the year 2000 (n = 124,655). For each case, three controls (n = 373,962) matched on age and gender were randomly drawn from the background population.

Increased mortality in patients with a hip fracture-effect of pre-morbid conditions and post-fracture complications.

Unlabelled: In a cohort of 169,145 patients with a hip fracture and 524,010 controls we observed an excess mortality among patients compared to controls for as long as 20 years after the hip fracture. The main reason for the excess mortality was linked to the trauma that caused the hip fracture.

Introduction: Patients with a hip fracture have a significant excess mortality.

Genetic variation in estrogen receptor, C-reactive protein and fibrinogen does not predict the plasma levels of inflammation markers after longterm hormone replacement therapy.

Markers of inflammation, such as C-reactive protein (CRP) and fibrinogen, are associated with the risk of atherothrombosis. Plasma levels of these markers of inflammation are affected by hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and modulated by smoking. We studied whether genetic variation in the estrogen receptor- 1 (ESR1), CRP and fibrinogen-beta genes influences the plasma levels of inflammation markers after HRT.

Fracture risk in patients treated with amiodarone or digoxin for cardiac arrhythmias: a nation-wide case-control study.

Background: Cardiac arrhythmias and osteoporotic fractures are common in the elderly.

Aim: We studied whether tachyarrhythmia and/or the drugs used to treat arrhythmias affect risk of fracture.

Methods: In a population-based nation-wide pharmaco-epidemiological case-control design, we compared 124,655 patients that sustained a fracture during 2000 with 373,962 age- and gender-matched controls.

Fracture risk in users of oral anticoagulants: a nationwide case-control study.

Background: Vitamin K antagonists (VKA) are often used as oral anticoagulants in order to prevent thromboembolic diseases. In bone, vitamin K reduces bone resorption and functions as a cofactor in the posttranslational carboxylation of several bone proteins. Discrepant results have been reported on whether VKA affects bone mineral density and fracture risk.

Decreased fracture risk in users of organic nitrates: a nationwide case-control study.

Unlabelled: In a nationwide population-based pharmaco-epidemiological case-control study, including 124,655 subjects who had sustained a fracture during 2000 (cases) and 373,962 age- and sex-matched controls, we found an approximately 15% reduced risk of fractures in users of organic nitrates. Thus, organic nitrates may protect against osteoporosis.

Introduction: Organic nitrates are widely used in the treatment of ischemic heart diseases.

Fracture risk associated with use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, acetylsalicylic acid, and acetaminophen and the effects of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.

We studied the effects of various nonmorphine pain medications as well as rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis on fracture risk in a nationwide case-control study. Cases were all subjects with any fracture sustained during the year 2000 (n = 124,655) in Denmark. For each case, three controls (n = 373,962) matched on age and gender were randomly drawn from the background population.

Proton pump inhibitors, histamine H2 receptor antagonists, and other antacid medications and the risk of fracture.

We studied the effect of proton pump inhibitors, histamine H(2) receptor antagonists, and other types of antacid drugs on fracture risk. All cases were subjects with any fracture sustained during the year 2000 (n = 124,655). For each case, three controls (n = 373,962) matched on age and gender were randomly drawn from the background population.

Methotrexate, azathioprine, cyclosporine, and risk of fracture.

We studied the fracture risk associated with use of methotrexate, azathioprine, and cyclosporine. The study was designed as a case-control study. All patients with a fracture (n = 124,655) in the year 2000 in Denmark served as cases.

Statin but not non-statin lipid-lowering drugs decrease fracture risk: a nation-wide case-control study.

Introduction: Discrepant results have been reported on association between treatment with lipid lowering drugs and fracture risk. Several studies have failed to demonstrate an effect of statins on bone mineral density. Therefore, the epidemiological findings of a reduced fracture risk may be due to selections bias, e.

Socioeconomic aspects of fractures within universal public healthcare: a nationwide case-control study from Denmark.

Aims: To investigate the effects of income and other socioeconomic variables on fracture risk adjusted for disease-related confounders as fractures are a major public health problem.

Methods: Case-control study where all subjects in Denmark with a fracture during the year 2000 (n = 124,655) served as cases. From the general population three age- and gender-matched subjects were selected as controls (n = 373,962).

Fracture risk associated with the use of morphine and opiates.

Objectives: To study the effect of morphine and opiates on fracture risk.

Design: Case-control study.

Setting: Nationwide register-based study.

Oral contraceptive use and risk of fractures.

Introduction: Prior studies have suggested that oral contraceptives (OCs) may be associated with an increased fracture risk. However, the previous studies have only performed a limited adjustment for other potential risk factors.

Subjects And Methods: All women with a fracture (n=64,548) in the year 2000 in Denmark served as cases.

Postpartum vitamin D insufficiency and secondary hyperparathyroidism in healthy Danish women.

Objective: To examine vitamin D status and parathyroid function in normal Danish women postpartum.

Design: Three cross-sectional measures during follow-up of 89 women postpartum.

Subjects And Intervention: We assessed vitamin D status by measuring plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (P-25OHD) and the degree of secondary hyperparathyroidism by measuring plasma parathyroid hormone (P-PTH) in 89 Caucasian women at three consecutive visits: (mean (range)) 23 (10-37) days (spring), 117 (95-140) days (late summer) and 274 (254-323) days (winter) postpartum.

Vitamin D and its binding protein Gc: long-term variability in peri- and postmenopausal women with and without hormone replacement therapy.

Objective: Measurement of plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) level is often used to evaluate a patient's vitamin D status. The purpose of this study was to investigate the variability in individual plasma 25OHD- and vitamin D-binding protein- (Gc) levels over a 5-year period in postmenopausal women with and without hormone replacement therapy (HRT).

Material And Methods: A total of 187 women were followed-up for 5 years.

No effect of vitamin K1 intake on bone mineral density and fracture risk in perimenopausal women.

Introduction: Vitamin K functions as a co-factor in the post-translational carboxylation of several bone proteins, including osteocalcin.

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between vitamin K(1) intake and bone mineral density (BMD) and fracture risk in a perimenopausal Danish population.

Design: The study was performed within the Danish Osteoporosis Prevention Study (DOPS), including a population-based cohort of 2,016 perimenopausal women.

Anxiolytics, sedatives, antidepressants, neuroleptics and the risk of fracture.

Introduction: Our objective was to study the association between fracture risk and the use of anxiolytics and sedatives (benzodiazepines, etc.), neuroleptics and antidepressants.

Subjects And Methods: This was a case control study.

Treatment with beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors, and calcium-channel blockers is associated with a reduced fracture risk: a nationwide case-control study.

Background: Cardiovascular diseases are associated with disturbances in calcium metabolism, including increased urinary calcium, vitamin D insufficiency, and decreased bone mineral density. Antihypertensive drugs may increase the risk of falling. However, risk of fracture in patients treated with non-diuretic cardiovascular drugs is largely unknown.