The unending burden of high out-of-pocket expenditure on institutional deliveries in India.

Objective: This study aims to address the question that whether out-of-pocket expenditure (OOPE) on institutional deliveries remained high or reduced over time in India, in particular after the introduction of conditional cash transfer (CCT) incentive programmes such as Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY) in 2005.

Study Design: The study presents the trends in average OOPE on institutional deliveries in India, in an effort to evaluate the impact of the JSY programme on it.

Methods: For the purpose, the study used recently released 75th round of National Sample Survey data, 2017/18 about household social consumption (Health) and two of its previous rounds in 2004 and 2014.

Increasing trend of C-section deliveries in India: A comparative analysis between southern states and rest of India.

Objective: To examine the socio-demographic variations in overwhelming existence of C-section deliveries in south India, with a comparison to rest of India.

Methods: This study analyses data collected from 51,136 mothers under National Family Health Survey (NFHS)-3 (2005-06) and 2,52,183 mothers under NFHS-4 (2015-16), those who have given births during last five years preceding the survey.

Main Outcome Measures: Descriptive statistics, bivariate analysis with Chi-squared tests and binary logistic regression models with 95% confidence intervals are used.

Is unintended birth associated with physical intimate partner violence? Evidence from India.

A growing number of studies have tested the association between intimate partner violence (IPV) and the unintendedness of pregnancy or birth, and most have suggested that unintendedness of pregnancy is a cause of IPV. However, about nine in every ten women face violence after delivering their first baby. This study examined the effects of the intendedness of births on physical IPV using data from the National Family Health Survey (2015-16).

Planning of births and maternal, child health, and nutritional outcomes: recent evidence from India.

Objectives: In an effort to provide recommendation for maximizing synergy between maternal, infant, and young children's nutrition and family planning in India, this study makes a comprehensive assessment of the effects of the planning of births in terms of timing, spacing and limiting childbearing on maternal and child health outcomes.

Study Design: This study used the latest National Family Health Survey data of India that is globally known as the Demographic and Health Survey. A robust two-stage systematic random sampling was used for selecting representative samples for measuring demographic and health indicators.