Neural speech tracking contribution of lip movements predicts behavioral deterioration when the speaker's mouth is occluded.

Observing lip movements of a speaker facilitates speech understanding, especially in challenging listening situations. Converging evidence from neuroscientific studies shows stronger neural responses to audiovisual stimuli compared to audio-only stimuli. However, the interindividual variability of this contribution of lip movement information and its consequences on behavior are unknown.

Hemispheric asymmetries in the auditory cortex reflect discriminative responses to temporal details or summary statistics of stationary sounds.

The processing of stationary sounds relies on both local features and compact representations. As local information is compressed into summary statistics, abstract representations emerge. Whether the brain is endowed with distinct neural architectures predisposed to such computations is unknown.

Eye movements track prioritized auditory features in selective attention to natural speech.

Over the last decades, cognitive neuroscience has identified a distributed set of brain regions that are critical for attention. Strong anatomical overlap with brain regions critical for oculomotor processes suggests a joint network for attention and eye movements. However, the role of this shared network in complex, naturalistic environments remains understudied.

Cortical tracking of formant modulations derived from silently presented lip movements and its decline with age.

The integration of visual and auditory cues is crucial for successful processing of speech, especially under adverse conditions. Recent reports have shown that when participants watch muted videos of speakers, the phonological information about the acoustic speech envelope, which is associated with but independent from the speakers' lip movements, is tracked by the visual cortex. However, the speech signal also carries richer acoustic details, for example, about the fundamental frequency and the resonant frequencies, whose visuophonological transformation could aid speech processing.

Direct Cochlear Recordings in Humans Show a Theta Rhythmic Modulation of Auditory Nerve Activity by Selective Attention.

The architecture of the efferent auditory system enables prioritization of strongly overlapping spatiotemporal cochlear activation patterns elicited by relevant and irrelevant inputs. So far, attempts at finding such attentional modulations of cochlear activity delivered indirect insights in humans or required direct recordings in animals. The extent to which spiral ganglion cells forming the human auditory nerve are sensitive to selective attention remains largely unknown.

Connective tissue changes in a mouse model of vein graft disease.

Aim: The extracellular matrix plays an important physiological role in the architecture of the vascular wall. In arterialized vein grafts severe early changes, such as thrombosis and neointimal hyperplasia occur. Paclitaxel is in clinical use as antiproliferative coating of coronary stents.

Comperative investigations of non chemical weed management methods in Hungary.

Organic farming has an increasing tendency in Hungary because of growing consumers' demands according to organic products not only in inland but also in the countries of the European Union. Developments of weed control methods in organically cropped field plants have become conspicuous next to developing chemical weed management methods of convencionally cropped cultural plants. The aim of our investigations was to make comperative investigations of non chemical weed control methods in wide rowed plants.

Intercomparison of measurement techniques for black or elemental carbon under urban background conditions in wintertime: influence of biomass combustion.

A generally accepted method to measure black carbon (BC) or elemental carbon (EC) still does not exist. An earlier study in the Vienna area comparing practically all measurement methods in use in Europe gave comparable BC and EC concentrations under summer conditions (Hitzenberger et al., 2006a).

Study on the weed-crop competition for nutrients in maize.

Considering the effect of crop-weed competition the rate of weed growing, the competitiveness of the occurring weed species and the duration of competition are determining factors. Experiments were carried out on fields in order to collect data on the effect of early weed competition on maize, including the competition for nutrients and the possible rate of nutrient removal by weeds. From 7 sampling areas of the 9.

Experiences of critical care nurses in telephone triage positions.

Critical care nurses have valuable experience making critical judgments, using protocols, and working autonomously. These and other skills make critical care nurses good candidates for the new nursing positions in telephone triage being generated as managed-care systems expand. This investigator describes the experiences of critical care and medical/surgical nurses who make the transition to telephone triage nurse roles.

Amino acid sequences of mammalian kazal-type proteinase inhibitors from salivary glands.

1. The amino acid sequences of bikazins (the double-headed Kazal-type proteinase inhibitors from submandibular glands) isolated from the snow leopard (Unica unica), the European mink (Mustela lutreola), and the European pine marten (Martes martes) were determined. 2.

Visualization of lectin-like proteins in human placenta by means of anti-plant lectin antibodies.

Proteins antigenically cross-reactive with lectins were sought in the placenta by immunohistochemistry using polyclonal antibodies raised in rabbit against four well-known lectins: Concanavalin A, Wheat germ agglutinin, Ulex europaeus agglutinin, and Phaseolus vulgaris leukoagglutinin (PHA-L), as well as one antibody raised in goat against PHA-L. Even at high dilutions of the primary antibody, strong staining was obtained after short incubations, in patterns generally resembling those obtained for placental lectins by other means, such as those based on binding capacity for glycosylated probes. One of the immunohistochemical patterns distinguishes with great clarity between the trophoblast cell layers, thus relating to developmental and functional parameters; another localises PHA-L-immunoreactivity to the syncytiotrophoblast.

Separation of peptides on Empore thin-layer chromatography sheets and blotting onto polyvinylidene difluoride membranes with subsequent gas phase sequencing.

Methods for the separation of peptides on a new type of thin-layer chromatography (TLC) sheet and blotting onto polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membranes with subsequent gas phase sequencing are described. For validation, the A and B chain of insulin were chromatographed on Empore TLC sheets and either extracted or blotted onto PVDF membranes. The advantages and disadvantages of thin-layer chromatography on Empore sheets versus high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) are discussed, along with the possibility of combining the two methods.

Purkinje cell antibodies in a patient with cerebellar disorder: detection of responsible antigenic proteins.

A 34-year-old male patient developed a neurological disorder and signs of cerebellar degeneration, with antibodies against Purkinje cells in the serum, a syndrome previously described as "paraneoplastic cerebellar atrophy". Antibody reaction of the patient's serum was demonstrated by immunohistochemistry on sections through the rat and human cerebellum. Purkinje cells demonstrated granular staining of cytoplasmic proteins and proximal dendrites with nuclear sparing.

[Diagnosis of alcoholism based on detection of a transferrin variant by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting].

A sensitive method is discribed for the diagnosis of alcoholism. The method is based on the detection of a transferrin variant (carbohydrate deficient transferrin = CDT) in plasma of alcoholics. The determination of CDT, the presence of which is characteristic for chronic alcoholism, is performed in three steps: The plasma proteins are separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and then transferred electrophoretically onto a nitrocellulose sheet; finally, the transferrin types on the nitrocellulose sheet are specifically detected by an antibody reaction.

Direct immunoblotting from histological sections of brain onto nitrocellulose: evaluation with the protein neurophysin.

A method for the isolation and localization of proteins and peptides from histological sections of rat and human brain by immunoblotting is described. For validation, the well-characterized protein neurophysin was electrophoretically transferred from formaldehyde-fixed or fresh tissue sections onto a nitrocellulose membrane. Neurophysin on the nitrocellulose membrane was detected by a specific antibody reaction.

The amino-acid sequence of the double-headed proteinase inhibitor from badger (Meles meles) submandibular glands.

Badger submandibular glands contain a double-headed secretory proteinase inhibitor. Its amino acid sequence was determined. Extensive homologies were found between this inhibitor and the corresponding inhibitors of fox, dog, lion and cat in both domains.

The diagnosis of CSF fistulae on the basis of detection of beta 2-transferrin by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting.

A sensitive method is described for the detection of beta 2-transferrin, a transferrin-variant found only in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The determination of beta 2-transferrin, whose presence is characteristic of CSF-admixtures in secretions, is performed in three steps. The proteins of the secretion are separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and then transferred electrophoretically onto a nitrocellulose sheet.

[Protease inhibitors as tumor-associated growth factors].

Two apparent endothelial cell growth factors were isolated and characterized from serum free cell culture medium of hepatoma cells by McKeehan et al. The factors were identified as proteinase inhibitors with known primary structure. They are the pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor (HPSTI) and the double headed inhibitor HI-30, the inhibitory active part of the inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor complex.

The amino-acid sequence of the double-headed proteinase inhibitor from fox (Vulpes vulpes) submandibular glands.

Fox submandibular glands contain a double-headed secretory proteinase inhibitor. Its amino acid sequence was determined. Extensive homologies were found between this inhibitor and the corresponding inhibitors of cat, lion and dog in both domains.

cDNA cloning of human inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor discloses three different proteins.

Inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor (ITI) is a serum protein of unknown function. Part of the molecule (formerly called HI30) is closely related to a tumor-derived protein acting as a growth factor for endothelial cells. We screened a human liver cDNA expression library with antibodies raised against human ITI and isolated several clones which could be divided into three groups according to their DNA sequences.

The amino-acid sequences of the double-headed proteinase inhibitors from cat, lion and dog submandibular glands.

Cat and lion submandibular glands each contain a double-headed secretory proteinase inhibitor. Their amino-acid sequences were determined, and the amino-acid sequence of the inhibitor of dog submandibular glands was revised. Extensive homologies were found between these inhibitors in both domains.