The state of global surgery assessment and data collection tools: A scoping review.

Background: There has been a proliferation of global surgery assessment tools designed for use in low- and middle-income countries. This scoping review sought to categorize and organize the breadth of global surgery assessment tools in the literature.

Methods: The search was conducted using PubMed from October 2022 to April 2023 according to PRISMA extension for scoping review guidelines.

Assessment of pediatric surgical needs, health-seeking behaviors, and health systems in a rural district of Pakistan.

Surgical conditions are responsible for up to 15% of total Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALY) lost globally. Approximately 4.8 billion people have no access to surgical care and this studies aim is to assess the surgical disease burden in children under the age of five years.

Interprofessional Care in Obstetrics and Gynecology.

Interprofessional care relates to providing care to an individual in an integrated system of professionals who share and shift the care given, depending on the individual and population need. By broadening the scope of care given by health-care workers (HCWs) or shifting tasks through interprofessional care in Obstetrics and Gynecology, more women and their newborns can benefit from safe deliveries, decreased perinatal morbidity and mortality and through screening and early treatment prevent morbidity and mortality secondary to gynecologic diseases.

PREvalence Study on Surgical COnditions (PRESSCO) 2020: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Countrywide Survey on Surgical Conditions in Post-Ebola Outbreak Sierra Leone.

Background: Understanding the burden of diseases requiring surgical care at national levels is essential to advance universal health coverage. The PREvalence Study on Surgical COnditions (PRESSCO) 2020 is a cross-sectional household survey to estimate the prevalence of physical conditions needing surgical consultation, to investigate healthcare-seeking behavior, and to assess changes from before the West African Ebola epidemic.

Methods: This study (ISRCTN: 12353489) was built upon the Surgeons Overseas Surgical Needs Assessment (SOSAS) tool, including expansions.

Paediatric surgical conditions in Malawi - A cross-sectional nationwide household survey.

Background: Untreated surgical conditions may lead to lifelong disability in children. Treating children with surgical conditions may reduce long-term effects of morbidity and disability. Unfortunately, low- and middle-income countries have limited resources for paediatric surgical care.

Postpartum hemorrhage: Moving from response to prevention for Alaska Native mothers.

Objective: To identify risk factors for postpartum hemorrhage in a population of Alaska Native women.

Methods: A case-control study of 384 women (128 cases, 256 controls) delivering between August 1, 2018, and July 31, 2019, was conducted at a Level III maternal referral center for Alaska Native women in Alaska. Risk factors were assessed via retrospective chart review, and bivariate and conditional regression analyses were conducted to determine odds ratios (ORs) between women with and without postpartum hemorrhage.

Deaths from surgical conditions in Malawi - a randomised cross-sectional Nationwide household survey.

Background: Relatively little is known about deaths from surgical conditions in low- and middle- income African countries. The prevalence of untreated surgical conditions in Malawi has previously been estimated at 35%, with 24% of the total deaths associated with untreated surgical conditions. In this study, we wished to analyse the causes of deaths related to surgical disease in Malawi and where the deaths took place; at or outside a health facility.

A Consensus Framework for the Humanitarian Surgical Response to Armed Conflict in 21st Century Warfare.

Importance: Armed conflict in the 21st century poses new challenges to a humanitarian surgical response, including changing security requirements, access to patients, and communities in need, limited deployable surgical assets, resource constraints, and the requirement to address both traumatic injuries as well as emergency surgical needs of the population. At the same time, recent improvements in trauma care and systems have reduced injury-related mortality. This combination of new challenges and medical capabilities warrants reconsideration of long-standing humanitarian surgery protocols.

Directions for surgical capacity developments in Nepal: a population-based assessment.

Objectives: Lack of access to safe surgery is seen as a major issue that needs to be addressed. The aim of this study was to understand which combinations of factors relate to high occurrences of unmet needs and disability in Nepal, and consequently, how to focus future work to maximise impact in this country.

Methods: A large population-based survey was conducted in Nepal in 2014 to evaluate the unmet surgical needs that result in disability.

TRANSPORTATION BARRIERS TO ACCESS HEALTH CARE FOR SURGICAL CONDITIONS IN MALAWI a cross sectional nationwide household survey.

Background: It is estimated that nearly five billion people worldwide do not have access to safe surgery. This access gap disproportionately affects low-and middle-income countries (LMICs). One of the barriers to healthcare in LMICs is access to transport to a healthcare facility.

Untreated surgical conditions in Malawi: A randomised cross-sectional nationwide household survey.

Background: Noncommunicable diseases, such as surgical conditions have received little attention from public health planners in low income countries (LIC) like Malawi. Though increasingly recognised as a growing global health problem, the burden of surgical pathologies and access to surgical care has not been adequately identified in many LIC. Information on the spectrum and burden of surgical disease in Malawi is important to uncover the unmet need for surgery and for planning of the National Health Service.

Sex Differences in Civilian Injury in Baghdad From 2003 to 2014: Results of a Randomized Household Cluster Survey.

Objective: To examine sex differences in injury mechanisms, injury-related death, injury-related disability, and associated financial consequences in Baghdad since the 2003 invasion of Iraq to inform prevention initiatives, health policy, and relief planning.

Background: Reliable estimates of injury burden among civilians during conflict are lacking, particularly among vulnerable subpopulations, such as women.

Methods: A 2-stage, cluster randomized, community-based household survey was conducted in May 2014 to determine the civilian burden of injury in Baghdad since 2003.

Global Estimation of Surgical Procedures Needed for Forcibly Displaced Persons.

Introduction: Sixty million people were displaced from their homes due to conflict, persecution, or human rights violations at the end of 2014. This vulnerable population bears a disproportionate burden of disease, much of which is surgically treatable. We sought to estimate the surgical needs for forcibly displaced persons globally to inform humanitarian assistance initiatives.

Backlog and burden of fractures in Sierra Leone and Nepal: Results from nationwide cluster randomized, population-based surveys.

Background: The burden of injury is increasing worldwide; planning for its impact on population health and health systems is urgently needed, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This study aimed to model the burden of fractures and project costs to eliminate avertable fracture-related disability-adjusted life-years (i.e.

The spatial distribution of injuries in need of surgical intervention in Nepal.

Geographic information system modelling can accurately represent the geospatial distribution of disease burdens to inform health service delivery. Given the dramatic topography of Nepal and a high prevalence of unmet surgical needs, we explored the consequences of topography on the prevalence of surgical conditions. The Nepalese Surgeons OverSeas Assessment of Surgical Need (SOSAS) is a validated, countrywide, cluster randomised survey that assesses surgical need in lowand middle-income countries; it was performed in Nepal in 2014.

Awareness and prevalence of cervical cancer screening among women in Nepal.

Objective: To estimate awareness and prevalence of cervical smear testing among women in Nepal.

Methods: A secondary analysis of data obtained as part of a nationwide household survey between May 25 and June 14, 2015, was undertaken. Information obtained from women aged 21-65years was included.

Assessing access to surgical care in Nepal via a cross-sectional, countrywide survey.

Background: Adequate surgical care is lacking in many low- and middle-income countries because of diverse barriers preventing patients from reaching providers. We sought to assess perceived difficulties to accessing surgical care in Nepal using the Surgeons OverSeas Assessment of Surgical Need tool.

Methods: Fifteen of 75 Nepali districts were selected proportionate to the population, with 1,350 households surveyed.

Reproductive health care and family planning among women in Nepal.

Objective: To describe findings from a validated survey examining access to care, contraceptive needs, access to surgical care, menstruation-related healthcare needs, and barriers to receiving reproductive health care in Nepal.

Methods: An analysis was undertaken using data obtained through a two-part population-based, cross-sectional, cluster-randomized survey corroborated by a visual physical examination performed nationwide between May 25 and June 12, 2014. Women aged 12-50years were included.

Self-reported Determinants of Access to Surgical Care in 3 Developing Countries.

Importance: Surgical care is recognized as a growing component of global public health.

Objective: To assess self-reported barriers to access of surgical care in Sierra Leone, Rwanda, and Nepal using the validated Surgeons OverSeas Assessment of Surgical Need tool.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Data for this cross-sectional, cluster-based population survey were collected from households in Rwanda (October 2011), Sierra Leone (January 2012), and Nepal (May and June 2014) using the Surgeons OverSeas Assessment of Surgical Need tool.

Surgeons OverSeas Assessment of Surgical Need (SOSAS) Uganda: Update for Household Survey.

Introduction: The first step in improving surgical care delivery in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) is quantifying surgical need. The Surgeons OverSeas Assessment of Surgical Need (SOSAS) is a validated household survey that has been previously implemented in three LMICs with great success. We implemented the SOSAS survey in Uganda, a medium-sized country with comparatively more language and ethnic group diversity.

An estimate of hernia prevalence in Nepal from a countrywide community survey.

Background: Herniorrhaphy is one of the most frequently performed general surgical operations worldwide; however, most low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) are unable to provide this essential surgery resulting in substantial morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of, barriers to care for, and disability from untreated hernias in Nepal.

Methods: A cluster randomised, cross-sectional household survey was performed in Nepal using the validated Surgeons OverSeas Assessment of Surgical (SOSAS) tool.

Rectal bleeding and endoscopy need in Sierra Leone: results of a nationwide, community-based survey.

Background: Low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) face a large burden of gastrointestinal diseases that benefit from prompt endoscopic diagnosis and treatment. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of gross rectal bleeding among adults in Sierra Leone.

Methods: A cluster randomised, cross-sectional household survey using the SOSAS tool was undertaken in Sierra Leone.