Reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the active-emphatic listening scale.

Background: Active-emphatic listening is active listening that focuses on empathy. The Active-Empathic Listening Scale (AELS) is a self-report scale comprising three dimensions: sensing, processing, and responding. However, translated versions are not available for languages used in Asian countries, such as Japanese.

[Work values and goal consciousness in young adult workers].

This study aimed to examine the goal consciousness scale as lifespan developmental index in young adult workers, and the relationship between work values and the goal consciousness. Survey data from 240 young adult workers were used, two subscales in work values scale and five subscales in goal consciousness scale were confirmed by factor analyses. Analysis of variance (ANOVAs) showed that goal-confidence and time-management were high with high expert-orientation or low work-as-devise-orientation.