Whole-body insulin clearance in people with type 2 diabetes and normal kidney function: Relationship with glomerular filtration rate, renal plasma flow, and insulin sensitivity.

Objective: Kidney insulin clearance, proposed to be the main route of extra-hepatic insulin clearance, occurs in tubular cells following glomerular filtration and peritubular uptake, a process that may be impaired in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and/or impaired kidney function. Human studies that investigated kidney insulin clearance are limited by the invasive nature of the measurement. Instead, we evaluated relationships between whole-body insulin clearance, and gold-standard measured kidney function and insulin sensitivity in adults with T2D and normal kidney function.

Peripheral Insulin Extraction in Non-Diabetic Subjects and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients.

Background: Insulin has to be transported across the capillary endothelium to stimulate muscle glucose uptake. We investigated insulin uptake from the peripheral circulation in non-diabetic (ND) individuals and in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients.

Methods: Single-center cross-sectional study involving 40 ND (age 65±11 years) and 30 T2D patients (age 67±8 years).

Sarcoidosis-related hypercalcaemia due to production of parathyroid hormone-related peptide.

Hypercalcaemia is frequently observed in patients with sarcoidosis. This is classically attributed to ectopic production of 1,25 dihydroxy vitamin D by sarcoid granulomas. We present a case of sarcoidosis-related hypercalcaemia with normal vitamin D levels.

Ongoing HIV replication in cerebrospinal fluid under successful monotherapy.

We report a case of an HIV-infected patient who was successfully treated with ritonavir/lopinavir (r/LPV) monotherapy for several years. He presented with neurological symptoms and high HIV RNA levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Sequencing of the HIV from the CSF revealed mutations in the protease gene reflecting resistance against most protease inhibitors, that is, lopinavir and ritonavir.

Effects on incident reporting after educating residents in patient safety: a controlled study.

Background: Medical residents are key figures in delivering health care and an important target group for patient safety education. Reporting incidents is an important patient safety domain, as awareness of vulnerabilities could be a starting point for improvements. This study examined effects of patient safety education for residents on knowledge, skills, attitudes, intentions and behavior concerning incident reporting.

Aerococcus urinae: severe and fatal bloodstream infections and endocarditis.

Aerococcus urinae is a pathogen that rarely causes severe or fatal infections. We describe four cases of severe A. urinae bloodstream infections.

Abacavir/lamivudine/zidovudine maintenance after standard induction in antiretroviral therapy-naïve patients: FREE randomized trial interim results.

Maintenance with a triple nucleoside reverse transcriptase Inhibitor (NRTI) regimen after successful induction with a dual NRTI/protease inhibitor (PI) combination may be advantageous, because of low pill burden, favorable lipids, and less drug interactions. This strategy to become free of PI-related problems without losing viral efficacy has not been formally tested. We performed a randomized, open-label, multicenter, 96-week comparative study in antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naïve patients with CD4 View Article and Find Full Text PDF

No virological failure in semen during properly suppressive antiretroviral therapy despite subtherapeutic local drug concentrations.

Purpose: The aim of the study was to investigate whether drug resistance occurs earlier in seminal than in blood plasma with the use of such HAART regimens, of which only the two NRTIs achieve therapeutic concentrations in seminal plasma.

Method: Seminal and blood plasma of 12 patients, for 48-96 weeks on suppressive first-line therapy with saquinavir/ritonavir/didanosine/lamivudine, nelfinavir/didanosine/stavudine, or efavirenz/lamivudine/zidovudine were prospectively evaluated for HIV-1-RNA resistance mutations and drug concentrations.

Results: Saquinavir, nelfinavir, and efavirenz blood plasma concentrations were in the therapeutic range.