Publications by authors named "Reinhart M"

We examined the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and endorsement of honour. We studied the SES-honour link in 5 studies (N = 13,635) with participants recruited in different world regions (the Mediterranean and MENA, East Asian, South-East Asian, and Anglo-Western regions) using measures that tap into various different facets of honour. Findings from these studies revealed that individuals who subjectively perceived themselves as belonging to a higher (vs.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background: Open heart surgery, involving median sternotomy, may cause diminished chest wall motion and restrictive pulmonary function in the early postoperative period. Thoracic and upper extremity range of motion (ROM) exercises are often recommended after surgery but have not been evaluated regarding effect on lung volumes and oxygenation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the immediate effect of upper limb elevations, with or without simultaneous deep breathing, on lung function after cardiac surgery.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF
Article Synopsis
  • The report examines clinical, genetic, and biochemical characteristics of individuals with a confirmed congenital disorder of glycosylation (CDG) participating in the FCDGC Natural History cohort after five years of study.
  • A total of 333 subjects were enrolled, with 280 having available genetic data; this included a nearly even split between males and females, with ages ranging from infancy to 71 years.
  • The study found developmental delays to be the most common symptom leading to diagnosis, occurring in 77% of participants, with an average delay of 2.7 years from symptom onset to diagnosis, and nearly all individuals displaying some developmental differences at the time of enrollment.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Lead (Pb) is one of the most common heavy metal urban soil contaminants with well-known toxicity to humans. This incubation study (2-159 d) compared the ability of bone meal (BM), potassium hydrogen phosphate (KP), and triple superphosphate (TSP), at phosphorus:lead (P:Pb) molar ratios of 7.5:1, 15:1, and 22.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Importance: The COVID-19 pandemic represents a unique stressor in Americans' daily lives and access to health services. However, it remains unclear how the pandemic impacted perceived health status and engagement in health-related behaviors.

Objective: To assess changes in self-reported health outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic, and to explore trends in health-related behaviors that may underlie the observed health changes.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background: Germany faces a lack of clinician scientists. This problem is widely acknowledged, not just in Germany, as clinician scientists are crucial for medical translation and innovation: trained in medical practice and research they are capable of translating scientific problems into clinical application and vice versa, clinical problems into research. The implementation of nationwide clinician scientist programs (CSPs) in Germany is supposed to solve the lack of trained clinician scientists and, as consequence, to improve the translational relationship between biomedical research and clinical practice.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF
Article Synopsis
  • Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) techniques face challenges in targeting soft tissue, which limits accuracy in small animal radiation studies.
  • To improve localization, the researchers developed a new bioluminescence tomography-guided system (BLT, MuriGlo) aimed at enhancing imaging for pre-clinical research.
  • The study included various tests to evaluate the system's performance and precision, ultimately providing a guideline for researchers on using BLT in radiation studies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF

A hyperspectral camera (HSC-type Specim IQ) has been applied at the linear plasma device PSI-2 under steady-state conditions. The camera has the capacity of hyperspectral imaging (HSI) with the dimension of a data array 512 × 512 × 204 (x, y, λ) covering the spectral span from 400 to 1000 nm with moderate average spectral resolution (FWHM ∼7 nm). After radiometric calibration and background/continuum emission subtraction, two main applications of the camera, (i) plasma diagnostics in helium (He) plasmas and (ii) plasma-material interaction studies with tungsten (W) targets in neon (Ne) plasmas, have been carried out.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF
Article Synopsis
  • Sepsis is a serious condition caused by an improper response to infection, and timely diagnosis using procalcitonin (PCT) is vital in healthcare.
  • The International Federation of Clinical Chemistry is working on standardizing PCT testing using a new reference method and high-quality materials to improve diagnostic accuracy.
  • The study found that magnetic-core nano-particles with specific antibodies are the most effective for isolating PCT, enhancing both its quantification and detection in clinical samples.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background: Different first-line drug classes for patients with hypertension are often assumed to have similar effectiveness with respect to reducing mortality and morbidity outcomes, and lowering blood pressure. First-line low-dose thiazide diuretics have been previously shown to have the best mortality and morbidity evidence when compared with placebo or no treatment. Head-to-head comparisons of thiazides with other blood pressure-lowering drug classes would demonstrate whether there are important differences.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Since SARS-CoV-2 emerged in December 2019 in Wuhan, the resulting pandemic has paralyzed the economic and cultural life of the world. Variants of concern (VOC) strongly increase pressure on public health systems. Rapid, easy-to-use, and cost-effective assays are essential to manage the pandemic.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

To identify and summarize data that describe the impact of effectively treating major depressive disorder (MDD) on the severity or risk of serious comorbidities. MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and several congresses were searched. Searches included terms related to MDD, randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and physical comorbidities and were restricted to English-language publications.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background: While literature has suggested that the duration of a major depressive episode (MDE) may affect both symptomatic and functional outcomes in major depressive disorder (MDD), study designs are limited in their ability to isolate a causal relationship.

Methods: A targeted literature review was conducted using the MEDLINE database to assess whether there was an association between (1) shorter duration of an MDE, or (2) increased rapidity of symptom improvement, and MDD outcomes in adult patients. Given findings from the literature, we hypothesized that rapid symptom improvement could be associated with other longer-term clinical outcomes and used a previously-developed microsimulation model to test this hypothesis.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

To summarize the breadth of data exploring the relationship between major depressive disorder (MDD) and both the incidence and the disease course of a range of comorbidities. The authors searched MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and several prespecified congresses. Searches included terms related to MDD and several comorbidity categories, restricted to those published in the English language from 2005 onward.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background And Aims: In hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT), severe liver vascular malformations are associated with mutations in the Activin A Receptor-Like Type 1 ( ACVRL1 ) gene encoding ALK1, the receptor for bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) 9/BMP10, which regulates blood vessel development. Here, we established an HHT mouse model with exclusive liver involvement and adequate life expectancy to investigate ALK1 signaling in liver vessel formation and metabolic function.

Approach And Results: Liver sinusoidal endothelial cell (LSEC)-selective Cre deleter line, Stab2-iCreF3 , was crossed with Acvrl1 -floxed mice to generate LSEC-specific Acvrl1 -deficient mice ( Alk1HEC-KO ).

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a systemic disease induced by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that frequently presents with skin manifestations. The five most common skin lesions are pseudo-chilblain and maculopapular, urticarial, vesicular, and livedo/necrotizing skin lesions. These skin lesions are of diagnostic and prognostic relevance.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

The development of phenotypic models of Parkinson's disease (PD) has enabled screening and identification of phenotypically active small molecules that restore complex biological pathways affected by PD toxicity. While these phenotypic screening platforms are powerful, they do not inherently enable direct identification of the cellular targets of promising lead compounds. To overcome this, chemoproteomic platforms like Thermal Proteome Profiling (TPP) and Stability of Proteins from Rates of Oxidation (SPROX) can be implemented to reveal protein targets of biologically active small molecules.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Scholarly publishing lives on traditioned terminology that gives meaning to subjects such as authors, inhouse editors and external guest editors, artifacts such as articles, journals, special issues, and collected editions, or practices of acquisition, selection, and review. These subjects, artifacts, and practices ground the constitution of scholarly discourse. And yet, the meaning ascribed to each of these terms shifts, blurs, or is disguised as publishing culture shifts, which becomes manifest in new digital publishing technology, new forms of publishing management, and new forms of scholarly knowledge production.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Disrupted cellular trafficking and transport processes are hallmarks of many neurodegenerative disorders (NDs). Recently, efforts have been made toward developing and implementing experimental platforms to identify small molecules that may help restore normative trafficking functions. There have been a number of successes in targeting endomembrane trafficking with the identification of compounds that restore cell viability through rescue of protein transport and trafficking.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

A preventative treatment of fire retardants at high-risk locales can potentially stop a majority of wildfires. For example, over 80% of wildfire ignitions in California occur at high-risk locales such as adjacent to roadsides and utility infrastructure. Recently a new class of ammonium polyphosphate retardants was developed with enhanced adherence and retention on vegetation to enable prophylactic treatments of these high-risk locals to provide season-long prevention of ignitions.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Sanctions for plagiarism, falsification and fabrication in research are primarily symbolic. This paper investigates sanctions for scientific misconduct and their preceding investigation processes as visible and legitimate symbols. Using three different data sources (retraction notices, expert interviews, and a survey of scientists), we show that sanctions for scientific misconduct operate within a cycle of visibility, in which sanctions are highly visible, while investigation and decision-making procedures remain mostly invisible.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Promoting translational research as a means to overcoming chasms in the translation of knowledge through successive fields of research from basic science to public health impacts and back is a central challenge for research managers and policymakers. Organizational leaders need to assess baseline conditions, identify areas needing improvement, and to judge the impact of specific initiatives to sustain or improve translational research practices at their institutions. Currently, there is a lack of such an assessment tool addressing the specific context of translational biomedical research.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF