Intermolecular 1,2-Aminoboration of Alkynes and the Critical Role of Electron-Rich Alkynes.

The intramolecular 1,2-aminoboration of alkynes by aminoboranes is rare and invariably requires a catalyst to proceed, while the intermolecular aminoboration of alkynes is yet entirely unknown. Through an exploration of the significance of electronics in alkynes for activating the B-N σ-bond of aminoboranes, we demonstrate in this work the first intermolecular 1,2-aminoboration of alkynes. These reactions employ a series of (amino)dihaloboranes and aminoboronic esters, mild reaction conditions, and no catalysts, yielding syn-addition alkene products with the incorporation of two crucial functionalities: amino and boryl.

Investigating removal mechanisms of long- and short-chain per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances using specialty adsorbents in a field-scale surface water filtration system.

This study assessed the application of two specialty adsorbents, also known as green sorption media (GSM), including clay-perlite and sand sorption media (CPS) and zero-valent iron and perlite green environmental media (ZIPGEM) to remove long- and short-chain per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) at field scale. The field-scale demonstration employed four GSM filter cells installed near the C-23 Canal (St. Lucie County, FL), which discharges water to the ecologically sensitive St.

Fine-scale spatial and social patterns of SARS-CoV-2 transmission from identical pathogen sequences.

Pathogen genomics can provide insights into underlying infectious disease transmission patterns, but new methods are needed to handle modern large-scale pathogen genome datasets and realize this full potential. In particular, genetically proximal viruses should be highly informative about transmission events as genetic proximity indicates epidemiological linkage. Here, we leverage pairs of identical sequences to characterise fine-scale transmission patterns using 114,298 SARS-CoV-2 genomes collected through Washington State (USA) genomic sentinel surveillance with associated age and residence location information between March 2021 and December 2022.

Impacts of human mobility on the citywide transmission dynamics of 18 respiratory viruses in pre- and post-COVID-19 pandemic years.

Many studies have used mobile device location data to model SARS-CoV-2 dynamics, yet relationships between mobility behavior and endemic respiratory pathogens are less understood. We studied the effects of population mobility on the transmission of 17 endemic viruses and SARS-CoV-2 in Seattle over a 4-year period, 2018-2022. Before 2020, visits to schools and daycares, within-city mixing, and visitor inflow preceded or coincided with seasonal outbreaks of endemic viruses.

Simultaneous removal of nutrients and biological pollutants via specialty absorbents in a water filtration system for watershed remediation.

To investigate watershed remediation within a Total Maximum Daily Load program, this study examined the field-scale filtration performance of two specialty absorbents. The goal was to simultaneously remove nutrients and biological pollutants along Canal 23 (C-23) in the St. Lucie River Basin, Florida.

Trends in Risk Factors and Symptoms Associated With SARS-CoV-2 and Rhinovirus Test Positivity in King County, Washington, June 2020 to July 2022.

Importance: Few US studies have reexamined risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 positivity in the context of widespread vaccination and new variants or considered risk factors for cocirculating endemic viruses, such as rhinovirus.

Objectives: To evaluate how risk factors and symptoms associated with SARS-CoV-2 test positivity changed over the course of the pandemic and to compare these with the risk factors associated with rhinovirus test positivity.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This case-control study used a test-negative design with multivariable logistic regression to assess associations between SARS-CoV-2 and rhinovirus test positivity and self-reported demographic and symptom variables over a 25-month period.

Rapid quasi-periodic oscillations in the relativistic jet of BL Lacertae.

Blazars are active galactic nuclei (AGN) with relativistic jets whose non-thermal radiation is extremely variable on various timescales. This variability seems mostly random, although some quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs), implying systematic processes, have been reported in blazars and other AGN. QPOs with timescales of days or hours are especially rare in AGN and their nature is highly debated, explained by emitting plasma moving helically inside the jet, plasma instabilities or orbital motion in an accretion disc.

Incinerator ash characterization - Implications for elevated temperature landfills.

The occurrence of temperatures in municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills in excess of 55 °C is a problem that has gained much attention in the solid waste industry, both domestically and globally. Facilities which frequently experience such temperatures are termed Elevated Temperature Landfills (ETLFs). Ash, both MSW incinerator ash (MSWIA) and coal combustion ash (CCA), when co-disposed with unburned MSW, can provide constituents which are able to partake in abiotic exothermic reactions that may develop or sustain elevated temperatures.

In-vitro influence of the use of an erythritol powder through air polishing on the surface roughness and abrasiveness of various restorative materials.

The aim of this in-vitro study is to compare the prophylaxis powder Airflow® Plus to a conventional prophylaxis paste with regards to surface abrasion and roughness on four different restorative materials. A total of 80 samples were fabricated, including 20 of each investigated material. Among those were a nanocomposite (Ceram X Spectra™ ST, Dentsply), a glass ionomer cement (Ketac Fill™, 3M™), a cast metal alloy (Bio Maingold SG®, Heraeus Kulzer) and a ceramic (HeraCeram® Saphir, Heraeus Kulzer).

Creating a Periop 202 Course and Orientation Program for Open-Heart Procedures to Increase Cardiovascular OR Nurse Recruitment and Retention.

As the global population ages, hospital administrators will need to employ a sufficient number of OR nurses to meet the demands of increasing surgical volumes. However, ORs can be intimidating working environments and undergraduate nursing programs lack formal didactic courses in perioperative nursing, leaving little to entice newly graduated nurses to the perioperative specialty. It is important for nurse leaders to employ interventions for recruiting and retaining OR nurses, particularly in specialty service lines, including cardiovascular surgery.

Per and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) as a contaminant of emerging concern in surface water: A transboundary review of their occurrences and toxicity effects.

Per and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been recognized as contaminants of emerging concerns by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) due to their environmental impact. Several advisory guidelines were proposed worldwide aimed at limiting their occurrences in the aquatic environments, especially for perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA). This review paper aims to provide a holistic review in the emerging area of PFAS research by summarizing the spatiotemporal variations in PFAS concentrations in surface water systems globally, highlighting the possible trends of occurrences of PFAS, and presenting potential human health impacts as a result of PFAS exposure through surface water matrices.

Characterization of Florida, U.S. landfills with elevated temperatures.

The occurrence of elevated temperatures within landfills is a challenging issue for landfill operators to detect and correct. Little is known regarding the causes of elevated temperatures (ETs) or the number of landfills currently operating under such conditions. Therefore, the goal of this research was to determine which landfills within Florida have been impacted by ETs, and to develop a more complete understanding of the factors that may lead to these landfills becoming elevated temperature landfills (ETLFs).

Nitrogen management in landfill leachate using single-stage anammox process-illustrating key nitrogen pathways under an ecogenomics framework.

Simultaneous functional gene expressions using mRNA, rate measurements, and biochemical analysis proved the consistent contribution of ammonia oxidizers, heterotrophic denitrifiers, and anammox bacteria in a single-stage attached growth partial nitritation/anammox system for nitrogen management in landfill leachate. Average removal efficiencies of ammonia-nitrogen, total inorganic nitrogen, and COD were 94%, 88%, and 26%, respectively, in the reactor. Off-gas NO fluxes increased at relatively higher dissolved oxygen.

Integrated leachate management approach incorporating nutrient recovery and removal.

This manuscript presents an integrated management scheme for leachate which employed struvite precipitation to recover ammonia nitrogen and phosphorus, aerobic granular sludge process for carbon oxidation (in the form of BOD and sCOD) and single stage anaerobic ammonia oxidation (ANAMMOX) for nitrogen management. The influent fed to the integrated treatment scheme was a mixture of anaerobic digester centrate and real leachate in 4:1 ratio. Almost 77% recovery of phosphorus and 25% removal of NH-N were accomplished through struvite precipitation at an optimum pH of 9.

Rapid development of clone-specific, high-performing perfusion media from established feed supplements.

Perfusion cultivation of recombinant CHO cells is of substantial interest to the biopharmaceutical industry. This is due to increased space-time-yields (STYs) and a short residence time of the recombinant protein in the bioreactor. Economic processes rely on cultivation media supporting rapid growth in the exponential phase and high protein production in the stationary phase at minimal media consumption rates.

Treatment of leachate organic matter through sunlight driven processes.

Leachate organic matter (LOM) from mature, stabilized landfills is recalcitrant in nature resulting from high concentrations of humic substances, such as humic acids and other complex organic matter. This research focused on the behavior and fate of LOM in aquatic sun-lit systems to address the extent and mechanisms of LOM photodegradation by exposing leachate to natural sunlight in central Florida for a period of 90 days. Transformation processes were measured using ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, fluorescence excitation-emission matrix spectroscopy, size-exclusion chromatography, and chemical oxygen demand over the test period.

Impact of organic matter from leachate discharged to wastewater treatment plants on effluent quality and UV disinfection.

There are growing concerns over the negative effects of leachate organic matter (LOM) on ultraviolet (UV) disinfection and effluent quality when leachate is co-treated with domestic wastewater. In this study, the effects of LOM on wastewater effluent quality were evaluated through field studies at wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) that receive and do not receive leachate. Impacts of leachate on effluent quality were determined through UV measurements at 254 nm (UV), fluorescence measurements, and the quantification of conventional parameters which included nutrient and organic constituent concentrations.

Conventional and fourier transform infrared characterization of waste and leachate during municipal solid waste stabilization.

Solid waste and leachate samples from bench-scale anaerobic bioreactors and flushing bioreactors (FBs), containing mature waste were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) to provide a better understanding of the changes in waste characteristics when waste transitions from mature to stabilized. Humic acid (HA) extracted from mature waste and waste removed from the FBs were characterized using FTIR and C nuclear magnetic resonance. FBs were operated under three different treatment scenarios (flushing with clean water, recirculation of leachate treated by chemical oxidation, and recirculation of leachate treated by chemical oxidation with waste aeration.

Impact of temperature and pH on recombinant human IgM quality attributes and productivity.

IgM antibodies are arousing considerable interest as biopharmaceuticals. Despite their immunotherapeutic potential, little is known about the impact of environmental conditions on product quantity and quality of these complex molecules. Process conditions influence the critical quality attributes (CQAs) of therapeutic proteins and thus are important parameters for biological safety and efficacy.

Differential gene expression of a feed-spiked super-producing CHO cell line.

Feed supplements are concentrated cell culture media that contain a variety of nutrients, which can be added during a bioprocess. During fed-batch cultivation, feed media are typically added to a growing cell culture to maximize cell and product concentrations. In this study, only a single shot of feed medium was added on day 0 to a basal cell culture medium and compared to non-supplemented basal medium (feed-spiked at day 0 versus control experiments) by cultivation of a recombinant mAb expressing CHO cell line in batch mode under controlled conditions in a bioreactor.

Bioprocessing of Recombinant CHO-K1, CHO-DG44, and CHO-S: CHO Expression Hosts Favor Either mAb Production or Biomass Synthesis.

Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells comprise a variety of lineages including CHO-DXB11, CHO-K1, CHO-DG44, and CHO-S. Despite all CHO cell lines sharing a common ancestor, extensive mutagenesis, and clonal selection has resulted in substantial genetic heterogeneity among them. Data from sequencing show that different genes are missing in individual CHO cell lines and each cell line harbors a unique set of mutations with relevance to the bioprocess.

Multiple reaction monitoring targeted LC-MS analysis of potential cell death marker proteins for increased bioprocess control.

The monitoring of protein biomarkers for the early prediction of cell stress and death is a valuable tool for process characterization and efficient biomanufacturing control. A representative set of six proteins, namely GPDH, PRDX1, LGALS1, CFL1, TAGLN2 and MDH, which were identified in a previous CHO-K1 cell death model using discovery LC-MS was translated into a targeted liquid chromatography multiple reaction monitoring mass spectrometry (LC-MRM-MS) platform and verified. The universality of the markers was confirmed in a cell growth model for which three Chinese hamster ovary host cell lines (CHO-K1, CHO-S, CHO-DG44) were grown in batch culture in two different types of basal media.

Food waste and the food-energy-water nexus: A review of food waste management alternatives.

Throughout the world, much food produced is wasted. The resource impact of producing wasted food is substantial; however, little is known about the energy and water consumed in managing food waste after it has been disposed. Herein, we characterize food waste within the Food-Energy-Water (FEW) nexus and parse the differential FEW effects of producing uneaten food and managing food loss and waste.

Glycan profile of CHO derived IgM purified by highly efficient single step affinity chromatography.

Immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies are reckoned as promising tools for therapy and diagnostic approaches. Nevertheless, the commercial success of IgMs is hampered due to bottlenecks in recombinant production and downstream processing. IgMs are large, complex and highly glycosylated proteins that are only stable in a limited range of conditions.