A hypergraph model shows the carbon reduction potential of effective space use in housing.

Humans spend over 90% of their time in buildings, which account for 40% of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions and are a leading driver of climate change. Incentivizing more sustainable construction, building codes are used to enforce indoor comfort standards and minimum energy efficiency requirements. However, they currently only reward measures such as equipment or envelope upgrades and disregard the actual spatial configuration and usage.

Coming of age in recovery: The prevalence and correlates of substance use recovery status among adolescents and emerging adults.

Background And Aims: To date, no epidemiological survey has estimated the prevalence of adolescents identifying as being in recovery. This is necessary for planning and identifying the needs of youth with current and remitted substance use disorders. This study estimated the prevalence of recovery status in a large statewide epidemiological survey administered between January and March 2020.

Nurse Standing Orders for Buprenorphine Follow-Up Care in a Community Health Center Network.

Background: Less than 20% of individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD) are receiving a medication treatment for OUD in the United States. Though nurses can assume critical roles in outpatient models of OUD care, there are no published reports of buprenorphine standing orders for nurses that guide a nuanced response for patients returning as expected versus those re-engaging after a treatment lapse, without requiring real-time prescriber consultation.

Methods: Standing orders for buprenorphine were created with multiple stakeholders within an urban community health center that includes traditional clinics as well as non-traditional homeless care sites.

Assessing the self-reported honesty threshold in adolescent epidemiological research: comparing supervised machine learning and inferential statistical techniques.

Background: Epidemiological surveys offer essential data on adolescent substance use. Nevertheless, the precision of these self-report-based surveys often faces mistrust from researchers and the public. We evaluate the efficacy of a direct method to assess data quality by asking adolescents if they were honest.

Parent Perceptions of an Early Childhood System's Community Efforts: A Qualitative Analysis.

Understanding how parents, and other primary caregivers, perceive and experience early childhood programs and services is essential for identifying family-centered facilitators and barriers to service utilization. Therefore, this paper aims to explore parent knowledge of and experiences with community efforts of an early childhood system in Illinois: the All Our Kids Early Childhood Networks (AOK Networks). Our research team conducted focus group interviews with 20 parents across four Illinois counties.

Adolescent Cannabis Use Among Youth in ZIP Codes with Medical Dispensaries.

Introduction: In the United States, 19 states permit recreational use of cannabis, with 16 more permitting medical use (Marijuana Policy Project, 2021). Concerns remain about whether liberalized policies result in increased adolescent cannabis use. To date, limited evidence exists that the statewide prevalence of adolescent cannabis use increased in states with liberalized policies.

Carbon reduction technology pathways for existing buildings in eight cities.

We work with policymakers in eight cities worldwide to identify technology pathways toward their near- and long-term carbon emissions reduction targets for existing buildings. Based on policymakers' interests, we define city-specific shallow and deep retrofitting packages along with onsite photovoltaic generation potential. Without further grid decarbonization measures, stock-wide implementation of these retrofits in the investigated neighborhoods reduces energy use and carbon emissions by up to 66% and 84%, respectively, helping Braga, Dublin, Florianopolis, Middlebury, and Singapore to meet their 2030 goals.

Purification and characterization of eukaryotic ATP-dependent transporters homologously expressed in Pichia pastoris for structural studies by cryo-electron microscopy.

Membrane proteins play an essential role in all living organisms. Although there have been numerous efforts in the past to elucidate the structure and function of eukaryotic primary active transporters, knowledge about the majority of these membrane proteins is still minimal. This is often due to their low availability and complex handling.

Evaluating the role of financial navigation in alleviating financial distress among young adults with a history of blood cancer: A hybrid type 2 randomized effectiveness-implementation design.

Background: Young adulthood (YA) is a complex phase of life, marked by key developmental goals, including educational and vocational attainment, housing independence, maintenance of social relationships, and financial stability. A cancer diagnosis during, or prior to, this phase of life can compromise the achievement of these milestones. Studies of adults with cancer have demonstrated that >70% report experiencing financial side-effects, which are associated with increased mortality, diminished health-related quality of life, and forgone medical care.

Structural and functional investigation of ABC transporter STE6-2p from reveals unexpected interaction with sterol molecules.

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are multidomain transmembrane proteins, which facilitate the transport of various substances across cell membranes using energy derived from ATP hydrolysis. They are important drug targets since they mediate decreased drug susceptibility during pharmacological treatments. For the methylotrophic yeast , a model organism that is a widely used host for protein expression, the role and function of its ABC transporters is unexplored.

Daily longitudinal sampling of SARS-CoV-2 infection reveals substantial heterogeneity in infectiousness.

The dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 replication and shedding in humans remain poorly understood. We captured the dynamics of infectious virus and viral RNA shedding during acute infection through daily longitudinal sampling of 60 individuals for up to 14 days. By fitting mechanistic models, we directly estimated viral expansion and clearance rates and overall infectiousness for each individual.

Daily sampling of early SARS-CoV-2 infection reveals substantial heterogeneity in infectiousness.

The dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 replication and shedding in humans remain poorly understood. We captured the dynamics of infectious virus and viral RNA shedding during acute infection through daily longitudinal sampling of 60 individuals for up to 14 days. By fitting mechanistic models, we directly estimate viral reproduction and clearance rates, and overall infectiousness for each individual.

Longitudinal Assessment of Diagnostic Test Performance Over the Course of Acute SARS-CoV-2 Infection.

Background: Serial screening is critical for restricting spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) by facilitating timely identification of infected individuals to interrupt transmission. Variation in sensitivity of different diagnostic tests at different stages of infection has not been well documented.

Methods: In a longitudinal study of 43 adults newly infected with SARS-CoV-2, all provided daily saliva and nasal swabs for quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), Quidel SARS Sofia antigen fluorescent immunoassay (FIA), and live virus culture.

Prefrontal neuronal morphology in kindling-prone (FAST) and kindling-resistant (SLOW) rats.

The epileptogenic-prone (FAST) and epileptogenic-resistant (SLOW) rat strains have become a valuable tool for investigating neural plasticity. The strains were generated by breeding the rats that required the fewest amygdala stimulations to elicit a stage-5 convulsive seizure (FAST) and rats requiring the most stimulations (SLOW). Previous studies have shown differences in behavior and amygdala physiology in the two strains.

Prioritizing the worries of AML patients: Quantifying patient experience using best-worst scaling.

Context: Although patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) experience significant toxicities and poor outcomes, few studies have quantified patients' experience.

Methods: A community-centered approach was used to develop an AML-specific best-worst scaling (BWS) instrument involving 13 items in four domains (psychological, physical, decision-making, and treatment delivery) to quantify patient worry. A survey of patients and caregivers was conducted using the instrument.

Improving Recruitment Procedures for School-Based Surveys: Through the Lens of the Illinois Youth Survey.

Background: Epidemiological surveys are designed to collect representative trend data. School-based surveys are important to utilize so systems can effectively create prevention and intervention programs to alter youths' perceptions and behaviors related to substance use. However, there are many barriers when implementing a school-based survey.

Opioid use at the transition to emerging adulthood: A latent class analysis of non-medical use of prescription opioids and heroin use.

Background: Although rates of nonmedical opioid use are highest in late adolescence and emerging adulthood, efforts to understand the extent of the heterogeneity in opioid misuse during this time have been limited. The current study aimed to derive and define typologies of opioid use in high school students at the onset of emerging adulthood.

Methods: Survey responses from a statewide sample of high school students aged 18 and 19 (N = 26,223) were analyzed.

Publisher Correction: The Scales Project, a cross-national dataset on the interpretation of thermal perception scales.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Data compilation on the effect of grain size, temperature, and texture on the strength of a single-phase FCC MnFeNi medium-entropy alloy.

This data article presents a compilation of microstructural and mechanical data regarding the ternary single-phase FCC MnFeNi medium-entropy alloy (MEA). For the analysis, interpretation, and comparison of the data to literature values, the reader can refer to the original related research article entitled "Effect of Temperature and Texture on Hall-Petch Strengthening by Grain and Annealing Twin Boundaries in the MnFeNi Medium-Entropy Alloy", see Schneider et al. ( 9, 2019, 84).

Perivascular macrophages in the neonatal macaque brain undergo massive necroptosis after simian immunodeficiency virus infection.

We previously showed that rhesus macaques neonatally infected with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) do not develop SIV encephalitis (SIVE) and maintain low brain viral loads despite having similar plasma viral loads compared to SIV-infected adults. We hypothesize that differences in myeloid cell populations that are the known target of SIV and HIV in the brain contribute to the lack of neonatal susceptibility to lentivirus-induced encephalitis. Using immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence microscopy, we examined the frontal cortices from uninfected and SIV-infected infant and adult macaques (n = 8/ea) as well as adults with SIVE (n = 4) to determine differences in myeloid cell populations.

The Scales Project, a cross-national dataset on the interpretation of thermal perception scales.

Thermal discomfort is one of the main triggers for occupants' interactions with components of the built environment such as adjustments of thermostats and/or opening windows and strongly related to the energy use in buildings. Understanding causes for thermal (dis-)comfort is crucial for design and operation of any type of building. The assessment of human thermal perception through rating scales, for example in post-occupancy studies, has been applied for several decades; however, long-existing assumptions related to these rating scales had been questioned by several researchers.

Blood cancer survivorship in NCI-Designated Cancer Centers: a study of services, gaps, and access barriers.

Purpose: This study explored survivorship services provided at National Cancer Institute (NCI)-Designated Cancer Centers for patients with blood cancer to identify gaps in services, unmet needs, and barriers to access.

Methods: Qualitative interviews with national experts and blood cancer survivors aided the development of an online survey distributed to a survivorship clinic director or staff at 63 NCI-Designated Cancer Centers.

Results: Staff at 71% of centers participated (n = 45).

Planning for sustainable cities by estimating building occupancy with mobile phones.

Accurate occupancy is crucial for planning for sustainable buildings. Using massive, passively-collected mobile phone data, we introduce a novel framework to estimate building occupancy at unprecedented scale. We show that, at urban-scale, occupancy differs widely from current estimates based on building types.