Content validation using Aiken methodology through expert judgment of the first Spanish version of the Eppendorf Schizophrenia Inventory (ESI) in Peru: A brief qualitative report.

Background: The main objective of this study was the validation through the expert judgment of the first Spanish version of the Eppendorf Schizophrenia Inventory (ESI-Sp).

Materials And Methods: A translation and cultural adaptation procedure as a first stage was carried out, which was evaluated by four psychiatrists with clinical experience. In a second stage, we recruited a group of clinical psychiatrists to evaluate the translated instrument by judging the items' clarity and relevance.

No benefit of antidepressants in inpatient treatment of depression. A longitudinal, quasi-experimental field study.

Rationale: Antidepressants (AD) are mostly considered indispensable for the treatment of major depression. The vast majority of depressive inpatients are treated with AD. However, there is a growing body of studies indicating that the effectiveness of AD is greatly overestimated due to methodological issues with the AD efficacy studies (e.

[Self-Responsibility: Relationship with Depression and Anxiety and Relevance for the Treatment Outcome of Inpatients with Major Depression].

Objective: Though in most psychotherapy schools a high self-responsibility (SR) of patients is considered as the basis necessary for the success of psychological treatment, there is neither a uniform definition nor a psychometric operationalisation of SR. Hence, there is no empirical evidence for the actual importance of SR in psychotherapy. This work aims (1) to introduce a definition of SR as well as to develop a questionnaire for its measurement and (2) to evaluate SR in the treatment of depression.

Inpatient treatment decreases depression but antidepressants may not contribute. A prospective quasi-experimental study.

Objective: The aim of the study is the evaluation of psychiatric-psychotherapeutic inpatient treatment utilizing a naturalistic design.

Methods: In a sample of 574 consecutively admitted patients, depression (64.5%), personality disorders (19.

CCK-4: Psychophysiological conditioning elicits features of spontaneous panic attacks.

Introduction: Cholecystokinin-tetrapeptide (CCK-4) is an established model to generate subjective panic anxiety. CCK-4 injection also results in consistent and dose-dependent rise of stress hormones. Effects other than upon subjective panic and stress hormone activity have barely been examined.

Why we haven't died out yet: changes in women's mimic reactions to visual erotic stimuli during their menstrual cycles.

From an evolutionary point of view, female sexual desire contributes greatly to the success of reproduction by coordinating sexual behavior. It is known that female sexual desire fluctuates with the menstrual cycle. However, little is known about the role of basic emotions during menstrual cycle.

Effects of the premenstrual syndrome on facial expressions of sadness.

Unlabelled: This study examined the relationship between PMS and emotion-related electromyographic facial activity at different phases of the menstrual cycle. Twenty-four women of reproductive age (12 with PMS, 12 controls) participated in two EMG sessions (T1 and T2) in which they were shown photographic images that can elicit various emotions (IAPS stimuli). T1 took place in the follicular phase, T2 in the luteal phase.

Characterization of the facial expression of emotions in schizophrenia patients: preliminary findings with a new electromyography method.

Objective: We investigated facial expression of emotions (FEE) in schizophrenia patients, using an improved and highly selective facial electromyography (EMG) method, and we examined the correlation between FEE and psychopathology.

Method: We compared unmedicated patients with schizophrenia (n = 32) with healthy subjects (n = 21) with regard to the activity of 3 joy-relevant facial muscles (the M.zygomaticus, the M.

The facial pattern of disgust, appetence, excited joy and relaxed joy: an improved facial EMG study.

The purpose of the study was to investigate the facial muscle pattern of disgust in comparison to appetence and joy, using an improved facial EMG method. We analyzed the activity of nine facial muscles in forty healthy subjects. The subject group was randomly divided into two groups (oversaturated vs.

Temporal stability of symptom dimensions in adult patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Background: Although symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) are heterogeneous, considerable advances have been made in subtyping OCD based on factor-analysed symptom dimensions. However, there is very little empirical data on the longitudinal course of symptom dimensions in adult OCD.

Methods: We examined prospectively the temporal symptom stability in adult OCD patients.

Abnormal subjective experiences of schizophrenia: evaluation of the Eppendorf Schizophrenia Inventory.

The Eppendorf Schizophrenia Inventory (ESI) is a new clinical questionnaire aimed at self-experienced cognitive disturbances that are considered to be diagnostically specific for schizophrenia. Two ESI validation studies are presented in this report. The aim of study I was to search for objective correlates of the ESI in 100 schizophrenic inpatients.

The face of pain--a pilot study to validate the measurement of facial pain expression with an improved electromyogram method.

Objective: The purpose of this pilot study was to establish the validity of an improved facial electromyogram (EMG) method for the measurement of facial pain expression.

Background: Darwin defined pain in connection with fear as a simultaneous occurrence of eye staring, brow contraction and teeth chattering. Prkachin was the first to use the video-based Facial Action Coding System to measure facial expressions while using four different types of pain triggers, identifying a group of facial muscles around the eyes.

Detecting depression in Alzheimer's disease: evaluation of four different scales.

Depression is a frequent condition in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The prevalence of depressive symptoms depends on the severity of dementia and the instruments used. Our aim was to assess the prevalence of depression dependent on the severity of dementia by four different scales: The 15-point Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), the Montgomery and Asperg Depression Scale (MADRS), the Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia (CSDD) and the Nurses Observation Scale for Geriatric Patients (NOSGER).

Depression in Alzheimer's disease might be associated with apolipoprotein E epsilon 4 allele frequency in women but not in men.

The association between depression and apolipoprotein E (apoE) was investigated in 137 out-patients with Alzheimer's disease. An ICD-10 diagnosis of depression was found in 21.1% of all patients.