A morphometric study of posterior tibial slope differences by sex and ethnicity in a South African population.

Purpose: Posterior tibial slope (PTS) influences knee kinetics and kinematics. The purpose of this study was to investigate morphology and variation within a sample of the black and white male and female population.

Method: 480 randomly selected lateral knee radiographs were included.

Transcoracoid Drilling for Coracoclavicular Ligament Reconstructions in Patients With Acromioclavicular Joint Dislocations Result in Eccentric Tunnels.

Purpose: To determine the location of coracoid inferior tunnel exit with superior-based tunnel drilling and coracoid superior tunnel exit with inferior-based tunnel drilling.

Methods: Fifty-two cadaveric embalmed shoulders (mean age 79 years, range 58-96 years) were used. A transcoracoid tunnel was drilled at the center of the base.

Defining the popliteal fossa by bony landmarks and mapping of the courses of the neurovascular structures for application in popliteal fossa surgery.

Surgical access to the posterior knee poses a high-risk for neurovascular damage. The study aimed to define the popliteal fossa by reliable bony landmarks and comprehensively mapping the neurovascular structures for application in posterior knee surgery. Forty-five (20 male, 25 female) embalmed adult cadaveric knees were included.

The anatomical relationship of the common peroneal nerve to the proximal fibula and its clinical significance when performing fibular-based posterolateral reconstructions.

Purpose: The common peroneal nerve (CPN) can be injured during fibular-based posterolateral reconstructions due to its close relationship to the neck of the fibula. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to observe the course of the CPN and its branches around the fibular head and neck and quantify the position in relation to relevant bony landmarks and observe the relation between tunnel drilling for posterolateral corner reconstruction and both the tunnel entry and exit at the proximal fibula and the CPN and its branches was observed.

Methods: In 101 (mean age = 70.

The determination of safe zones for arthroscopic portal placement into the posterior knee by mapping the courses of neurovascular structures in relation to bony landmarks.

Purpose: Minimally invasive surgery in the posterior knee is high risk for iatrogenic injury to popliteal neurovascular neurovasculature structures. This study aimed to use reliable landmarks to define safe zones for arthroscopic portal placement into the posterior knee.

Methods: Distances were measured between bony landmarks and neurovascular structures within the popliteal fossa using 45 formalin-embalmed cadavers: small saphenous vein (SSV), medial (MCSN) and lateral (LCSN) cutaneous sural nerves, tibial nerve (TN), common fibular nerve (CFN), popliteal vein (PV) and artery (PA).