Evaluation of the Efficacy of Piperacillin/Tazobactam in Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Urinary Tract Infections: A Systematic Review of the Literature.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of piperacillin/tazobactam (PTZ) for the treatment of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-PE) urinary tract infections (UTIs).

Data Sources: A systematic review was conducted in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) standards on PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science Core Collection, and Cochrane Central through July 2024.

Study Selection And Data Extraction: Studies providing efficacy data associated with PTZ in patients ≥18 years old experiencing an ESBL-PE UTI that documented clinical and microbiological cure data were included.

Effect of Dexmedetomidine on Rescue Analgesic Needs in Non-intubated Intensive Care Patients.

Background: Dexmedetomidine is a centrally acting alpha-2-adrenoceptor agonist that is usually used in the intensive care unit (ICU) for its sedative, analgesic, and anxiolytic properties. Studies have shown that dexmedetomidine can be an effective adjunct analgesic, but they are limited and usually use a population of intubated patients. To better evaluate the role of dexmedetomidine use in the adult ICU, more information needs to be gathered on its analgesic effect and its utility in non-intubated patients.

Evaluation of the Physical Compatibility of Intravenous Methocarbamol in Lactated Ringer's, 0.45% Normal Saline, and Plasma-Lyte A.

The need to determine physical compatibility of intravenous admixtures is directly related to patient safety and patient outcomes. While the provision of multi-modal analgesic strategies has increased over the past decade, a paucity of data exists regarding physical compatibility of select medications. To evaluate the physical compatibility of methocarbamol in Lactated Ringer's (LR), 0.

Adverse Effects Associated With Multimodal Analgesic Regimens in Critically Ill, Nonintubated Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

To evaluate the safety of utilizing multimodal analgesic regimens in critically ill, nonintubated patients. Data Sources: A systematic review was conducted using Embase, MEDLINE, Cochrane, SciELO, Web of Science, and the Korean Journal Index. Clinical trials of critically ill, nonintubated patients that contained complete safety outcomes date, including the incidence of specific adverse drug effects (ADE) associated with a multimodal analgesic medication or regimen, were included.

A Framework for a New Paradigm of Opioid Drug Tapering Using Adjunct Drugs.

The misuse of and dependency on prescription opioids represents a significant crisis at the national level, impacting not only the health of the public but also the societal and economic well-being. There is a critical need for strategies to reduce the dosage of prescribed opioids to limit opioid-associated adverse effects and lower the risk of addiction development in patients experiencing chronic pain. Opioid-sparing medications, when co-administered with opioids, enable a reduced opioid dose without loss of efficacy.

The Role of Propofol in Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome: A Systematic Review.

The objective of this review was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of propofol in the treatment of critically ill patients diagnosed with alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS). A review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) criteria, and Embase, MEDLINE (PubMed), Cochrane CENTRAL, and Web of Science were queried for results through June 2024. Studies providing efficacy or safety data associated with propofol with a reported diagnosis of AWS in critically ill patients were included.

Efficacy and Safety of Testosterone Replacement in Testicular Cancer Survivors With Treatment-Influenced Hypogonadism: A Systematic Review.

Objective: The objective is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of testosterone supplementation in testicular cancer survivors with treatment-related hypogonadism.

Data Sources: This systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) standards and used Embase, PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Central, Web of Science Core Collection, Korean Journal Index, SciELO, and Global Index Medicus to obtain data in June of 2024.

Study Selection And Data Extraction: Analyses evaluating testosterone supplementation in testicular cancer survivors with treatment-induced hypogonadism were included.

Evaluation of indications and efficacy of doxycycline for surgical antibiotic prophylaxis.

Given medical advancements in global healthcare systems over the past decade, it may be reasonable to assume that the incidence of surgical site infections would have decreased; however, surveillance data indicate that these rates have held constant. Surgical prophylaxis guidelines from the United States and United Kingdom recommend cefazolin, vancomycin and clindamycin in most surgeries for no longer than 24 hours. As a result of medication shortages impacting the global supply chain, surgeons have needed to evaluate alternative perioperative antibiotics, such as doxycycline; however, research into using doxycycline for preventing surgical site infections is limited.

Phenobarbital Dosing for the Treatment of Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome: A Review of the Literature.

To determine the most appropriate phenobarbital dosing regimen by evaluating the safety and efficacy of the drug when specifically used in alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS). A comprehensive literary search was conducted using PubMed and bibliographic mining in October 2023. An established monotherapy phenobarbital regimen needed to be established within the article to be included in analysis.

Physical compatibility of ceftriaxone and cefepime in 0.45% sodium chloride, Ringer's lactate solution, and Plasma-Lyte A.

Objectives: The compatibility of intravenous fluids with medications is of paramount concern to pharmacists and is an imperative component of ensuring patient safety. Data regarding the physical compatibility of medications with intravenous fluids has not been examined, or published with conflicting results or the concentrations studied were not consistent with current practice. Our objective was to determine the physical compatibility of ceftriaxone and cefepime in 0.

Evaluation of Anticonvulsant-Induced Leukocytosis: A Review of Evidence for Carbamazepine, Lamotrigine, and Phenobarbital.

The objective was to determine the incidence of leukocytosis associated with carbamazepine, lamotrigine, and phenobarbital. A comprehensive literature review was conducted with the assistance of a medical reference librarian on PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, and Google Scholar through June 2023 using the following search terminology: "leukocytosis/chemically induced"[MeSH Terms] AND ("Anticonvulsants"[MeSH Terms] OR ("Anticonvulsants"[Pharmacological Action] OR "Anticonvulsants"[MeSH Terms] OR "Anticonvulsants"[All Fields] OR "anticonvulsant"[All Fields] OR "anticonvulsion"[All Fields] OR "anticonvulsive"[All Fields] OR "anticonvulsives"[All Fields]) OR ("Anticonvulsants"[Pharmacological Action] OR "Anticonvulsants"[MeSH Terms] OR "Anticonvulsants"[All Fields] OR "antiepileptic"[All Fields] OR "antiepileptics"[All Fields])). Thirteen reports were included from 64 potential results of our literature review following the application of inclusion and exclusion criteria: 7 of the reports involved carbamazepine, 4 of the reports involved lamotrigine, and 2 of the reports involved phenobarbital.

The efficacy and safety of direct oral anticoagulants in the treatment of the acute phase of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia: A systematic review.

Purpose: To investigate the safety and efficacy of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) in the treatment of the acute phase of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT).

Summary: A systematic review of the literature was conducted on PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science Core Collection through July 2023. Search terms included "heparin-induced thrombocytopenia AND direct-oral-anticoagulants" in addition to a list of oral anticoagulants.

Value-related learning in the olfactory bulb occurs through pathway-dependent perisomatic inhibition of mitral cells.

Associating values to environmental cues is a critical aspect of learning from experiences, allowing animals to predict and maximise future rewards. Value-related signals in the brain were once considered a property of higher sensory regions, but their wide distribution across many brain regions is increasingly recognised. Here, we investigate how reward-related signals begin to be incorporated, mechanistically, at the earliest stage of olfactory processing, namely, in the olfactory bulb.

Examining an Interaction Between Plasma Exchange and Apixaban Resulting in an Acute Ischemic Stroke.

Therapeutic drug monitoring is not routinely considered necessary in patients undergoing plasma exchange; however, it is possible for serum concentrations of select medications to be impacted by this procedure. We describe a 50-year-old patient who presented to our facility with new onset aphasia and right-sided weakness. Despite presenting with a National Institute of Health Stroke Severity (NIHSS) score of 23, the patient did not receive fibrinolytic therapy due to his being anticoagulated with apixaban for atrial fibrillation.

Serotonin syndrome and neuroleptic malignant syndrome: A case report of intersecting symptomatology.

Introduction: Serotonin syndrome and neuroleptic malignant syndrome are caused by 2 distinct pathologies; however, the clinical presentation associated with both syndromes share many features.

Methods: We describe a 56-year-old male patient who presented to our facility with seizures, leukocytosis, fevers, extremity hyperreflexia, and signs of autonomic dysfunction as evidenced by cardiovascular instability. The patient was noted to be taking vortioxetine, trazodone, lamotrigine, lurasidone, and carbidopa-levodopa as outpatient medications for his depression, an unspecified mood disorder, and Parkinson disease.

Methylxanthine Derivatives in the Treatment of Sinus Node Dysfunction: A Systematic Review.

While the chronotropic effects of theophylline and aminophylline are well-known, their clinical application in the treatment of sinus node dysfunction has not been established in a review. The purpose of this systematic review is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of methylxanthines in the treatment of bradyarrhythmias associated with sinus node dysfunction. A systematic review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines on Embase, PubMed, MEDLINE, Cochrane Central, Web of Science, SciELO, Korean Citation Index, Global Index Medicus, and CINAHL through June 2023.

The Tolerability and Safety of Psilocybin in Psychiatric and Substance-Dependence Conditions: A Systematic Review.

Objective: The objective of this systematic review is to determine the tolerability and safety of psilocybin in a variety of psychiatric and substance-dependence conditions.

Data Sources: A systematic review was conducted using Embase, PubMed, Cochrane Central, and Web of Science through September 2023 using the following terminology: "psilocybin" AND "mental-disease" OR "substance-dependence" AND "disease-therapy," in addition to other synonymous key words.

Study Selection And Data Extraction: Literature reporting acute effects and safety data following the use of psilocybin as the pharmacologic intervention in a clinical trial in adult patients with a psychiatric or substance-dependence condition were included.

Wernicke's Encephalopathy and Serotonin Syndrome: A Case Report of Overlapping Pathologies.

Acute encephalopathy is a common symptom encountered in critically ill patients and may be associated with Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE) or serotonin syndrome (SS). We describe a patient who presented with clinical manifestations of both WE and SS and who responded to treatment for both pathologies. A 56-year-old male presented after being found unresponsive and in a questionable tonic-clonic state.

The Role of Dexmedetomidine in Paroxysmal Sympathetic Hyperactivity: A Systematic Review.

Objective: The objective was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of dexmedetomidine in the treatment and prophylaxis of paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity (PSH).

Data Sources: A review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) criteria and queried Embase, MEDLINE (PubMed), Cochrane CENTRAL, Web of Science, SciELO, Korean Journal Index (Clarivate), Global Index Medicus, and CINAHL Plus for results through June 2023.

Study Selection And Data Extraction: Studies providing efficacy or safety data associated with dexmedetomidine with a reported diagnosis of PSH were included.

An Evaluation of Tertiary Drug Resources' Consistency Regarding Drug-Drug Interactions Between Tricyclic Antidepressants and Herbal Supplements.

Tertiary drug information resources are utilized frequently by health care providers. While pharmacists are uniquely trained and prepared to interpret the information available on these resources, including the results of drug-drug interaction evaluations, discrepancies between such resources pose a major concern for clinicians with regard to patient safety and medication regimen efficacy. It was postulated that drug-drug interaction evaluations between prescription medications and over-the-counter herbal supplements would be particularly problematic.

Effects of Stimulus Timing on the Acquisition of an Olfactory Working Memory Task in Head-Fixed Mice.

Acquisition of a behavioral task is influenced by many factors. The relative timing of stimuli is such a factor and is especially relevant for tasks relying on short-term memory, like working memory paradigms, because of the constant evolution and decay of neuronal activity evoked by stimuli. Here, we assess two aspects of stimulus timing on the acquisition of an olfactory delayed nonmatch-to-sample (DNMS) task.

The need to consider the service life of all components of a modern MSW landfill liner system.

The long-term performance of a geosynthetic clay liner (GCL) above a drainage layer and a geocomposite drain (GCD) are investigated. Full-scale tests are used to: (i) assess the integrity of GCL and GCD in a double composite liner below a defect in the primary geomembrane with ageing, and (ii) establish the head at which there was internal erosion in GCL without a carrier geotextile (GTX) such that the bentonite is in direct contact with the underlying gravel drainage. Six years after contact with simulated landfill leachate at 85 °C through an intentional defect on the geomembrane, the GCL resting on the GCD had failed due to degradation of the GTX between the bentonite and the core of the GCD and subsequent erosion of the bentonite into the core structure of the GCD was observed.

Pharmacologic Management of Central Fever: A Review of Evidence for Bromocriptine, Propranolol, and Baclofen.

The purpose of this review was to evaluate the clinical data supporting bromocriptine, propranolol, and baclofen in the pharmacologic management of central fever. A comprehensive literature review was performed between January 2018 and August 2022 using the following keywords: "central fever" NOT "fever" OR "infection" OR "infectious" AND "neurocritical" OR "neurology" AND "treatment" AND "medication" OR "medicine" OR "drug" OR "pharmaceutical." A total of 6 case reports met specified inclusion criteria, with 2 reporting on each of the evaluated medications.