Food label accuracy of common snack foods.

Unlabelled: Nutrition labels have raised awareness of the energetic value of foods, and represent for many a pivotal guideline to regulate food intake. However, recent data have created doubts on label accuracy.

Objective: We tested label accuracy for energy and macronutrient content of prepackaged energy-dense snack food products.

Circulating anandamide and blood pressure in patients with obstructive sleep apnea.

Objective: Obstructive sleep apnea chronically increases blood pressure through sympathetic nervous system activation. In animals, hypertension and sympathetic activity are restrained by cannabinoid receptor activation. Therefore, we hypothesized that increased blood pressure in patients with obstructive sleep apnea is associated with increased circulating endocannabinoid concentrations.

Associations of fatty acids in cerebrospinal fluid with peripheral glucose concentrations and energy metabolism.

Unlabelled: Rodent experiments have emphasized a role of central fatty acid (FA) species, such as oleic acid, in regulating peripheral glucose and energy metabolism. Thus, we hypothesized that central FAs are related to peripheral glucose regulation and energy expenditure in humans. To test this we measured FA species profiles in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma of 32 individuals who stayed in our clinical inpatient unit for 6 days.

Energy-balance studies reveal associations between gut microbes, caloric load, and nutrient absorption in humans.

Background: Studies in mice indicate that the gut microbiome influences both sides of the energy-balance equation by contributing to nutrient absorption and regulating host genes that affect adiposity. However, it remains uncertain as to what extent gut microbiota are an important regulator of nutrient absorption in humans.

Objective: With the use of a carefully monitored inpatient study cohort, we tested how gut bacterial community structure is affected by altering the nutrient load in lean and obese individuals and whether their microbiota are correlated with the efficiency of dietary energy harvest.

Higher energy expenditure in humans predicts natural mortality.

Context: Higher metabolic rates increase free radical formation, which may accelerate aging and lead to early mortality.

Objective: Our objective was to determine whether higher metabolic rates measured by two different methods predict early natural mortality in humans.

Design: Nondiabetic healthy Pima Indian volunteers (n = 652) were admitted to an inpatient unit for approximately 7 d as part of a longitudinal study of obesity and diabetes risk factors.

Central and peripheral endocannabinoids and cognate acylethanolamides in humans: association with race, adiposity, and energy expenditure.

Context: Peripheral and central endocannabinoids and cognate acylethanolamides (AEs) may play important but distinct roles in regulating energy balance.

Objective: We hypothesized that in humans central/peripheral endocannabinoids are differently associated with adiposity and energy expenditure and differ by race.

Design: We examined associations of arachindonoylethanolamide, 2-arachidonoylglycerol, palmitoylethanolamide, and oleoylethanolamide (OEA) assayed in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) with race, adiposity, and energy expenditure.

Assessment of non-insulin-mediated glucose uptake: association with body fat and glycemic status.

In the fasting state, approximately 83% of glucose uptake occurs via non-insulin-mediated mechanisms. A widely accepted static rate for NIMGU is 1.62 mg kg(-1)·min(-1).