Flex-printed forehead EEG sensors (fEEGrid) for long-term EEG acquisition.

Objective: In this report we present the fEEGrid, an electrode array applied to the forehead that allows convenient long-term recordings of electroencephalography (EEG) signals over many hours.

Approach: Twenty young, healthy participants wore the fEEGrid and completed traditional EEG paradigms in two sessions on the same day. The sessions were eight hours apart, participants performed the same tasks in an early and a late session.

Investigating Priming Effects of Physical Practice on Motor Imagery-Induced Event-Related Desynchronization.

For motor imagery (MI) to be effective, an internal representation of the to-be-imagined movement may be required. A representation can be achieved through prior motor execution (ME), but the neural correlates of MI that are primed by ME practice are currently unknown. In this study, young healthy adults performed MI practice of a unimanual visuo-motor task (Group , = 19) or ME practice combined with subsequent MI practice (Group , = 18) while electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded.

EEG Recording and Online Signal Processing on Android: A Multiapp Framework for Brain-Computer Interfaces on Smartphone.

Objective: Our aim was the development and validation of a modular signal processing and classification application enabling online electroencephalography (EEG) signal processing on off-the-shelf mobile Android devices. The software application SCALA (Signal ProCessing and CLassification on Android) supports a standardized communication interface to exchange information with external software and hardware.

Approach: In order to implement a closed-loop brain-computer interface (BCI) on the smartphone, we used a multiapp framework, which integrates applications for stimulus presentation, data acquisition, data processing, classification, and delivery of feedback to the user.

Embodied neurofeedback with an anthropomorphic robotic hand.

Neurofeedback-guided motor imagery training (NF-MIT) has been suggested as a promising therapy for stroke-induced motor impairment. Whereas much NF-MIT research has aimed at signal processing optimization, the type of sensory feedback given to the participant has received less attention. Often the feedback signal is highly abstract and not inherently coupled to the mental act performed.

Unobtrusive ambulatory EEG using a smartphone and flexible printed electrodes around the ear.

This study presents first evidence that reliable EEG data can be recorded with a new cEEGrid electrode array, which consists of ten electrodes printed on flexible sheet and arranged in a c-shape to fit around the ear. Ten participants wore two cEEGrid systems for at least seven hours. Using a smartphone for stimulus delivery and signal acquisition, resting EEG and auditory oddball data were collected in the morning and in the afternoon six to seven hours apart.

Exploring miniaturized EEG electrodes for brain-computer interfaces. An EEG you do not see?

Electroencephalography (EEG) allows the study of the brain-behavior relationship in humans. Most of what we have learned with EEG was through observing the brain-behavior relationship under well-controlled laboratory conditions. However, by reducing "normal" behavior to a minimum the ecological validity of the results can be limited.

P300 speller BCI with a mobile EEG system: comparison to a traditional amplifier.

Objective: In a previous study, we presented a low-cost, small and wireless EEG system enabling the recording of single-trial P300 amplitudes in a truly mobile, outdoor walking condition (Debener et al (2012 Psychophysiology 49 1449-53)). Small and wireless mobile EEG systems have substantial practical advantages as they allow for brain activity recordings in natural environments, but these systems may compromise the EEG signal quality. In this study, we aim to evaluate the EEG signal quality that can be obtained with the mobile system.

How about taking a low-cost, small, and wireless EEG for a walk?

To build a low-cost, small, and wireless electroencephalogram (EEG) system suitable for field recordings, we merged consumer EEG hardware with an EEG electrode cap. Auditory oddball data were obtained while participants walked outdoors on university campus. Single-trial P300 classification with linear discriminant analysis revealed high classification accuracies for both indoor (77%) and outdoor (69%) recording conditions.