Racial Disproportionality in Autism Over 20 Years: What It Means for Special Education Disability Classifications.

Purpose: This study examines racial and ethnic disparities in autism prevalence using data from three National Longitudinal Transition Studies (NLTS) spanning two decades. This inquiry intends to explore: (1) changes in the educational labels assigned to students with a medical diagnosis of autism over time and (2) the disparities in these changes across different racial and ethnic groups.

Methods: A secondary data analysis of the NLTS was conducted using the SPSS Complex Samples module.

Post-Stroke Timing of ECM Hydrogel Implantation Affects Biodegradation and Tissue Restoration.

Extracellular matrix (ECM) hydrogel promotes tissue regeneration in lesion cavities after stroke. However, a bioscaffold's regenerative potential needs to be considered in the context of the evolving pathological environment caused by a stroke. To evaluate this key issue in rats, ECM hydrogel was delivered to the lesion core/cavity at 7-, 14-, 28-, and 90-days post-stroke.

C-MYC Amplification in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is among the most common forms of leukemia diagnosed in the United States. It is associated with a variety of clinically significant genetic abnormalities, including cytogenetic abnormalities that are assessed routinely. Herein, we present a case of CLL for which molecular cytogenetic analysis revealed concomitant deletion of TP53 (17p13.

Cytogenetic Findings in a Case of Blastic Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Neoplasm (BPDCN).

Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN), previously known as natural killer (NK) cell leukemia/lymphoma, is categorized by the World Health Organization as a sole entity. Most often, BPDCN presents with features of both lymphoma and leukemia. The average age at diagnosis is 60 to 70 years and there are more men than women who are diagnosed with BPDCN.

A Plasma Cell Myeloma Case with an Abnormal Clone with a t(8;22)(q24.1;q11.2) Within the Context of a Hyperdiploid Complex Karyotype.

We report here a 74-year-old male who was seen for recurrent respiratory infections, fatigue, and weight loss in November 2016. Bone marrow biopsy showed 90% involvement by plasma cell myeloma (PCM) [90% plasma cells, 40% cellular bone marrow]. Cytogenetic analysis of the bone marrow showed a complex karyotype described as: 53,Y,add(X)(p22.

Platelet 12-lipoxygenase and stem cells in Barrett's esophagus.

Esophageal adenocarcinoma has shown a significant increase in incidence in recent years. It is thought that the development of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), followed by columnar-lined esophagus and the development of dysplasia, leads to invasive adenocarcinoma. The exact pathogenesis of this process, the diagnosis and differentiation of the metaplastic and dysplastic esophageal lesions have yet to be determined.

FLT3 mutations at diagnosis and relapse in acute myeloid leukemia: cytogenetic and pathologic correlations, including cuplike blast morphology.

Context: Acquired mutations in the fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 gene (FLT3) adversely impact relapse risk after chemotherapy in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The FLT3 mutation status may differ at diagnosis and relapse, suggesting a potential role in chemoresistance, yet few reports have addressed the cytogenetic and pathologic correlates of FLT3 mutations in relapsed AML.

Objectives: To determine FLT3 mutations at diagnosis and relapse in a cohort of adult patients with chemoresistant AML and to correlate mutation status with multiple variables.

Human platelet 12-lipoxygenase: naturally occurring Q261/R261 variants and N544L mutant show altered activity but unaffected substrate binding and membrane association behavior.

The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) R261Q in the human platelet 12-lipoxygenase has been correlated with several human diseases. To understand better the biological performance we have compared enzymatic properties of the recombinant enzymes: 'wild-type' as Q261 and R261 variants with a single Q261R mutation at the enzyme periphery and N544L mutant with an altered active site. The R261 variant does not follow the same kinetics such as WT-Q261 showing a lag phase, a slower accumulation of product, following a different time-course without reaching plateau characteristic for the Q261 variant.

Repeated endovascular coil occlusion in 350 of 2759 intracranial aneurysms: safety and effectiveness aspects.

Objective: Evaluation of the safety and effectiveness of endovascular retreatment of intracranial aneurysms with detachable coils.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of clinical outcome as well as angiographic studies both before and after coil retreatment. The indication for retreatment was based on either inadequate occlusion after previous treatment or recurrent perfusion of the aneurysm.

Comparative in vitro study of five mechanical embolectomy systems: effectiveness of clot removal and risk of distal embolization.

Introduction: We report an in vitro study comparing the effectiveness of clot removal and clot fragmentation of five embolectomy systems.

Methods: A flow model was embolized with fresh and old thrombi, occluding an inner diameter of 2-5 mm simulating internal carotid artery (ICA), basilar artery (BA) and middle cerebral artery (MCA) branch occlusion. Embolectomy was performed using five retrieval systems: CATCH (Balt), Merci retriever (Concentric), InTime and Attracter (Boston Scientific), and the Phenox Clot Retriever (Phenox).

[Rete compensation in agenesis of the internal carotid artery].

The term carotid rete mirabile refers to an anatomic structure common in several lower mammals (e.g., swine).

A device for fast mechanical clot retrieval from intracranial arteries (Phenox clot retriever).

Introduction: To describe a new device meant for rapid endovascular thrombectomy of intracranial arteries of various sizes and its first clinical use.

Methods: A device with oriented microfilaments was constructed that consists of a core wires compound surrounded by a dense palisade of perpendicular-oriented stiff polyamid microfilaments (phenox clot retriever). The device is introduced into the target vessel through a 0.

[Anesthesiological management of neuroendovascular interventions].

The endovascular treatment of diseases of intracranial and spinal vessels has become widely accepted in recent years. The patient is usually treated under general anesthesia and in choosing an appropriate anesthesia regimen and an optimized pre-interventional preparation, the anesthesiologist can influence the postinterventional result. The working environment in the angiography suite should address the requirements of a routine procedure and the necessities of complication management.

A novel self-expanding fully retrievable intracranial stent (SOLO): experience in nine procedures of stent-assisted aneurysm coil occlusion.

Introduction: The endovascular treatment of large and broad-necked aneurysms may require the use of a remodelling balloon or a stent system to achieve proper occlusion while maintaining the patency of the parent vessel. With the advent of self-expanding stents that can be delivered through a microcatheter, this kind of treatment has improved and problems with the previously used balloon expandable stents have largely been overcome. However, rigidity, insufficient track-ability, and limited or non-existent retrieve-ability may still restrict the application of self-expanding stents in some situations.

Endovascular treatment of small intracranial aneurysms: three alternatives to coil occlusion.

Introduction: Small intracranial aneurysms with a fundus diameter of 2 - 3 mm may rupture and are therefore potential targets for an endovascular approach in treatment. Currently available coil technology is less than optimal for the treatment of aneurysms within this size range. Even the smallest coils are sometimes too large.

A new device for endovascular coil retrieval from intracranial vessels: alligator retrieval device.

The clinical use of a new device (Alligator Retrieval Device) designed specifically for endovascular foreign body (eg, coils) retrieval from intracranial vessels is reported. The Alligator has intrinsic advantages compared with microsnares for the endovascular catheter-based removal of coils.

Repeated endovascular coil occlusion in 350 of 2759 intracranial aneurysms: safety and effectiveness aspects.

Objective: Evaluation of the safety and effectiveness of endovascular retreatment of intracranial aneurysms with detachable coils.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of clinical outcome as well as angiographic studies both before and after coil retreatment. The indication for retreatment was based on either inadequate occlusion after previous treatment or recurrent perfusion of the aneurysm.

Treatment of intracranial atherosclerotic stenoses with balloon dilatation and self-expanding stent deployment (WingSpan).

The endovascular treatment of atherosclerotic intracranial arterial stenoses has previously been based on balloon dilatation or the deployment of a balloon expandable stent. Both methods have advantages (balloon: flexibility; balloon expandable stent: high radial force) and drawbacks (balloon: risk of elastic recoil and dissection; balloon expandable stent: limited flexibility, risk of injury to the vessel due to excessive straightening, overexpansion at ends of stent). A new combination of balloon dilatation, followed by the deployment of a self-expanding microstent has been applied in 15 patients with atherosclerotic arterial stenoses, symptomatic despite medical treatment.

[Endovascular occlusion of the basilar artery for the treatment of dissecting and dysplastic fusiform aneurysms].

Dissecting aneurysms of the basilar artery trunk frequently affect young adults. Fusiform shape and narrowing of the proximal parent artery are typical features. Changes in aneurysm size and geometry may be observed more rapidly than in atherosclerotic or dysplastic aneurysms.

Massively parallel signature sequencing (MPSS) as a tool for in-depth quantitative gene expression profiling in all organisms.

Massively parallel signature sequencing (MPSS) is one of the newest tools available for conducting in-depth expression profiling. MPSS is an open-ended platform that analyses the level of expression of virtually all genes in a sample by counting the number of individual mRNA molecules produced from each gene. There is no requirement that genes be identified and characterised prior to conducting an experiment.

HER2 assessment by immunohistochemical analysis and fluorescence in situ hybridization: comparison of HercepTest and PathVysion commercial assays.

We determined HER2 protein overexpression by immunohistochemical analysis and HER2 gene amplification by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in 215 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded breast tumors. Pathologist concordance for immunohistochemical scoring, and HER2 status concordance, as determined by immunohistochemistry and FISH, were high for immunohistochemical 3+, 1+, and 0 tumors but poor for 2+ tumors. Consensus immunohistochemical scores correlated with absolute and chromosome 17 (CEPI 7)-corrected HER2 gene copy number Among HER2-nonamplified tumors, the immunohistochemical score and mean absolute chromosome 17 (CEP17) copy number were weakly correlated.

Molecular and functional characterization of the four-transmembrane molecule l6 in epidermal keratinocytes.

In normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK) proteolytic detachment from the substrate induces a complex activation cascade including expression of new proteins, morphological alterations, and the onset of migration for epidermal regeneration. By subtractive cloning we have shown that L6, a four-transmembrane protein, is newly expressed after proteolytic keratinocyte detachment. In this study, we have generated a novel anti-L6 antibody (clone HD-pKe#104-1.

Immunoglobulin heavy-chain gene rearrangement studies by Southern blot using DNA extracted from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue.

Background: In most clinical molecular diagnostics laboratories, Southern blots for gene rearrangement studies are not routinely performed on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue samples. In this study, immunoglobulin heavy-chain gene rearrangements by Southern blot using DNA extracted from FFPE tissue samples were studied.

Methods And Results: Eleven paired freshly frozen and FFPE tissue samples were evaluated for immunoglobulin gene rearrangements by PCR and Southern blot analyses.

Immunohistochemical and molecular characterization of cultured keratinocytes after dispase-mediated detachment from the growth substratum.

Keratinocyte activation comprises changes in protein and gene expression pattern resulting in phenotypic and functional changes necessary for re-epithelialization such as the expression of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and its cell surface receptor (uPA-R; CD87). As uPA and uPA-R are rapidly induced after dispase-mediated detachment of cultured normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK) we hypothesized that dispase-mediated detachment may cause a similar "activation" of keratinocytes with uPA and uPA-R being only one aspect of a complex "activation reaction". To test this hypothesis we have comparatively analysed adherent versus detached keratinocyte sheets for selected indicators of keratinocyte activation by immunohistochemistry.

The viability of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in formalin-fixed pulmonary autopsy tissue: review of the literature and brief report.

Formalin is commonly thought to decrease the risk of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. However, the true disinfection efficacy of formalin for tissue infected with M tuberculosis is unclear. We reviewed all pertinent literature from 1900 until the present regarding the disinfection efficacy of formalin for tissue infected with M tuberculosis.