Pediatric relapsed/refractory ALK+ anaplastic large cell lymphoma treatment and outcomes in the targeted drug era.

Treatment options for patients with relapsed or refractory (R/R) anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) have increased in the era of targeted therapies such as brentuximab vedotin (BV) and Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK) inhibitors. However, there is no standard treatment and limited published data evaluating their use. The goal of this retrospective study is to describe current real-world treatment and outcomes of pediatric, adolescent, and young adult patients with R/R ALK-positive ALCL.

Spin Chains with Highly Quantum Character through Strong Covalency in CaCrN.

The insulating transition metal nitride CaCrN consists of sheets of triangular [CrN] units with symmetry that are connected via quasi-1D zigzag chains. Due to strong covalency between Cr and N, Cr ions are unusually low-spin, and = 1/2. Magnetic susceptibility measurements reveal dominant quasi-1D spin correlations with very large nearest-neighbor antiferromagnetic exchange = 340 K and yet no sign of magnetic order down to = 0.

Prenatal opioid exposure, neonatal abstinence syndrome diagnosis, and child welfare involvement.

Background: Neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS), or withdrawal from prenatal opioid exposure at birth, can trigger a referral to child protective services (CPS). However, there is some evidence of selection into NAS diagnosis because NAS screening is not universal. Such referrals may protect the infant, help connect the mother to services, or cause harm.

Navigating the definition of urban flooding: A conceptual and systematic review of the literature.

Urban flooding is a pervasive global risk, posing a great challenge to urban planners, policymakers, and particularly communities. This paper reviews the literature to analyze how urban flooding is defined across scientific disciplines. Our objectives are to uncover the elements used to define urban flooding and evaluate how these elements can impact future research and practice.

Fine Particulate Matter, Its Constituents, and Spontaneous Preterm Birth.

Importance: The associations of exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and its constituents with spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB) remain understudied. Identifying subpopulations at increased risk characterized by socioeconomic status and other environmental factors is critical for targeted interventions.

Liver SMN restoration rescues the Smn mouse model of spinal muscular atrophy.

Background: The liver is a key metabolic organ, acting as a hub to metabolically connect various tissues. Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a neuromuscular disorder whereby patients have an increased susceptibility to developing dyslipidaemia and liver steatosis. It remains unknown whether fatty liver is due to an intrinsic or extrinsic impact of survival motor neuron (SMN) protein depletion.

Fantastic wetlands and why to monitor them: Demonstrating the social and financial benefit potential of methane abatement through salt marsh restoration.

Salt marsh restoration has the potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions thereby providing an opportunity for blue carbon crediting, but implementation has been limited to date because of insufficient data and validation. In this paper, we demonstrate the potential scale of methane emissions that could be avoided if salinity-reducing impairments are mitigated by applying findings from six salt marsh restoration sites in Massachusetts combined with a previously demonstrated application of the salt marsh salinity-methane relationship. We used calculations of these avoided emissions to estimate the social benefit of salt marsh restoration by calculating avoided costs.

Global impact of unproductive splicing on human gene expression.

Alternative splicing (AS) in human genes is widely viewed as a mechanism for enhancing proteomic diversity. AS can also impact gene expression levels without increasing protein diversity by producing 'unproductive' transcripts that are targeted for rapid degradation by nonsense-mediated decay (NMD). However, the relative importance of this regulatory mechanism remains underexplored.

Researcher-Reported Variables Needed for Translation of Social Communication Evidence-Based Practices for Elementary-Aged Students with Autism.

Organizations such as the National Clearinghouse on Autism Evidence and Practice have disseminated reports on evidence-based practices (EBPs) for individuals with autism to inform practice. However, some practitioners routinely employ unvalidated interventions more frequently than EBPs, signaling the presence of a research-to-practice gap. The current review investigated the degree to which single-case research studies with social communication outcomes for elementary-aged students with autism included details on variables that may impact the adoption and implementation of EBPs in practice.

Toxicity of immune checkpoint inhibitors and tyrosine kinase inhibitor combinations in solid tumours: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Unlabelled: The combination of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) can be associated with significant toxicity. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of the toxicity of combination treatment of ICIs with TKIs (ICI + TKI) in clinical trials with solid organ malignancies. Our primary endpoint explored the incidence of grade 3 - 5 (G3-5) treatment-related toxicity and our secondary endpoints included the incidence of toxicity by treatment type, disease type and studies with run-in strategies.

Computational predictions of cocrystal formation: A benchmark study of 28 assemblies comparing five methods from high-throughput to advanced models.

Cocrystals are assemblies of more than one type of molecule stabilized through noncovalent interactions. They are promising materials for improved drug formulation in which the stability, solubility, or biocompatibility of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) is improved by including a coformer. In this work, a range of density functional theory (DFT) and density functional tight binding (DFTB) models are systematically compared for their ability to predict the lattice enthalpy of a broad range of existing pharmaceutically relevant cocrystals.

Exploring changing trends in depression and anxiety among adolescents from 2012 to 2019: Insights from My World repeated cross-sectional surveys.

Aim: Research has indicated a rise in the prevalence of depression and anxiety among adolescents over the past three decades. However, the factors underpinning increases in mental health difficulties remain poorly understood. This study examines psychological, social and environmental risk and protective factors that may explain changes in depression and anxiety among adolescents.

Isolated central nervous system relapse in two adolescents with primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma after treatment with R-DA-EPOCH.

The addition of rituximab to standard regimens for primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma (PMBCL) has significantly improved overall survival. However, the optimal management of isolated central nervous system (CNS) relapse and role of CNS prophylaxis remains undefined. We present cases of two adolescents with PMBCL who developed isolated CNS relapses.

Implementation of home 'finger-prick' carcino-embryonic antigen testing for colorectal cancer follow-up - A pilot study of user acceptability.

Aim: Routine carcino-embryonic antigen blood testing is required after colorectal cancer resection, requiring face-to-face appointments. This has workforce implications, and impacts patients' lives. We assessed feasibility and acceptability of self-taken blood tests.

B-Lymphoblastic Lymphoma in Children: A Case Series From a Single Institution.

Background: Pediatric B-lymphoblastic lymphoma is an uncommon subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Studies regarding the biology, clinical course, and approach to relapse are limited.

Observations: We present a series of children with B-lymphoblastic lymphoma to describe the clinical course at diagnosis and relapse as well as the role of tumor cytogenetics, immunotherapy, and hematopoietic stem cell transplant.

Long term peripheral AAV9-SMN gene therapy promotes survival in a mouse model of spinal muscular atrophy.

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an autosomal recessive neuromuscular disease characterized by motor neuron loss and skeletal muscle atrophy. SMA is caused by the loss of the SMN1 gene and low SMN protein levels. Current SMA therapies work by increasing SMN protein in the body.

Optimization of base editors for the functional correction of SMN2 as a treatment for spinal muscular atrophy.

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is caused by mutations in SMN1. SMN2 is a paralogous gene with a C•G-to-T•A transition in exon 7, which causes this exon to be skipped in most SMN2 transcripts, and results in low levels of the protein survival motor neuron (SMN). Here we show, in fibroblasts derived from patients with SMA and in a mouse model of SMA that, irrespective of the mutations in SMN1, adenosine base editors can be optimized to target the SMN2 exon-7 mutation or nearby regulatory elements to restore the normal expression of SMN.

Demographics and risk of isolation due to sea level rise in the United States.

Within coastal communities, sea level rise (SLR) will result in widespread intermittent flooding and long-term inundation. Inundation effects will be evident, but isolation that arises from the loss of accessibility to critical services due to inundation of transportation networks may be less obvious. We examine who is most at risk of isolation due to SLR, which can inform community adaptation plans and help ensure that existing social vulnerabilities are not exacerbated.

Using a severity threshold to improve occupational injury surveillance: Assessment of a severe traumatic injury-based occupational health indicator across the International Classification of Diseases lexicon transition.

Background: Traumatic injury is a leading cause of death and disability among US workers. Severe injuries are less subject to systematic ascertainment bias related to factors such as reporting barriers, inpatient admission criteria, and workers' compensation coverage. A state-based occupational health indicator (OHI #22) was initiated in 2012 to track work-related severe traumatic injury hospitalizations.