Carbon dioxide-enhanced angiography for detection of colonic diverticular bleeding and clinical outcomes.

Purpose: To determine the ability of CO-enhanced angiography to detect active diverticular bleeding that is not detected by iodinated contrast medium (ICM)-enhanced angiography and its impact on clinical outcomes when used to confirm embolization, particularly the risks of rebleeding and ischemic complications.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively identified a cohort of patients with colonic diverticular bleeding who underwent catheter angiography between August 2008 and May 2023 at our institution. We divided them according to whether they underwent CO angiography following a negative ICM angiography study or to confirm hemostasis post-embolization (the CO angiography group) or ICM angiography alone in the absence of active bleeding or for confirmation of hemostasis post-embolization (the ICM angiography group).

Impact of Work Environment on Job Satisfaction among Interventional Radiologists in Japan: A Cross-sectional Study.

Purpose: This study aims to measure job satisfaction among interventional radiology physicians in Japan and analyze the factors affecting job satisfaction.

Material And Methods: A web-based survey was conducted among the members of the Japanese Society of Interventional Radiology between October and December 2021. Participants were questioned regarding their job satisfaction, workplace, work status, and demographic information.

Outcomes of embolization procedures for type II endoleaks following endovascular abdominal aortic repair.

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the mid-term outcomes of embolization procedures for type II endoleak after endovascular abdominal aortic repair, and clarify the risk factors for aneurysm enlargement after embolization procedures.

Methods: This was a retrospective multicenter registry study enrolling patients who underwent embolization procedures for type II endoleaks after EVAR from January 2012 to December 2018 at 19 Japanese centers. The primary end point was the rate of freedom from aneurysm enlargement, more than 5 mm in the aortic maximum diameter, after an embolization procedure.

Lung Perfusion Scintigraphy in Eisenmenger Syndrome Due to Patent Ductus Arteriosus.

Eisenmenger syndrome refers to the elevation of pulmonary arterial pressure to the systemic level caused by an increased pulmonary vascular resistance with right-to-left shunt through an intracardiac or aortopulmonary communication. A 36-year-old woman with Eisenmenger syndrome due to patent ductus arteriosus underwent Tc-MAA lung perfusion scintigraphy to evaluate right-to-left shunt. Whole-body imaging visualized extrapulmonary activity in both kidneys, spleen, and intestinal tract, confirming the presence of right-to-left shunt.

Prospective, randomized, controlled study of the efficacy of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization with miriplatin for hepatocellular carcinoma.

Aim: Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) has been recognized as a treatment option for patients with intermediate hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This randomized, controlled study compared the local control efficacy of TACE with miriplatin (platinum monohydrate) or with epirubicin.

Methods: The study group consisted of 200 Japanese patients with unresectable HCC treated at the Kitasato University East Hospital (Sagamihara, Japan) between July 2010 and June 2013.

Myocardial ischemia induced by major aortopulmonary collateral arteries treated with transcatheter coil embolization.

Major aortopulmonary collateral arteries branching from coronary arteries may cause coronary steal. The careful follow-up is needed irrespective of symptoms because increasing physical activities and oxygen demand along with the age may induce myocardial ischemia. Transcatheter intervention by well-trained physician would be a treatment option in patients with myocardial ischemia.

A multi-institutional survey of interventional radiology for type II endoleaks after endovascular aortic repair: questionnaire results from the Japanese Society of Endoluminal Metallic Stents and Grafts in Japan.

Purpose: To investigate the current status of interventional radiology (IR) procedures for a type II endoleak (T2EL) in Japan, and to identify the technical aspects that affect treatment results.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective survey was conducted by distributing questionnaires to 25 institutions. The eligibility criteria were endovascular aortic repair (EVAR) performed using commercial stent grafts and IR performed for T2EL between January 2007 and December 2013.

Interventional radiology for critical hemorrhage in obstetrics: Japanese Society of Interventional Radiology (JSIR) procedural guidelines.

There has been an increasing demand for interventional radiology (IR) procedures for the treatment of severe postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) (also called critical hemorrhage in obstetrics). The Japanese Society of Interventional Radiology Guideline Committee developed the practical guidelines for IR procedures for severe PPH using evidence-based methodology. This article aimed to describe the rationale for developing these guidelines and to provide the answers for clinical questions about IR procedures consisting of current available evidence and the consensus among experts.

Usefulness of MRI of microcalcification lesions to determine the indication for stereotactic mammotome biopsy.

Background: With the recent rise in mammography (MMG) screenings there has been an increase in the identification of microcalcifications without lump. Therefore, a vacuum-assisted needle biopsy under stereotactic guidance (ST-MTB) is frequently performed for diagnosis. However, ST-MTB is a highly invasive examination.

Successful treatment of acquired uterine arterial venous malformation using N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate under balloon occlusion.

We present two cases of acquired uterine arterial venous malformation (AVM) which was diagnosed because of massive genital bleeding successfully treated with transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE), using N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate (NBCA) under balloon occlusion. Balloon occlusion at the uterine artery was performed in both patients for diffuse distribution of NBCA in multiple feeding branches, as well as to the pseudoaneurysm, and for the prevention of NBCA reflux. In one of our patients, balloon occlusion of the draining vein was simultaneously performed to prevent NBCA migration through accompanying high-flow arteriovenous fistula (AVF).

Benefits and problems of transarterial therapy in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and chronic kidney disease.

Purpose: To evaluate the feasibility of transarterial therapy (transcatheter arterial chemoembolization and transcatheter arterial infusion) for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Materials And Methods: The study enrolled 35 patients who received transarterial therapy. The patients were classified into a CKD group (n = 10 nondialysis chronic kidney disease [NDCKD] and n = 9 end-stage renal disease [ESRD]) or a non-CKD group (n = 16).

Phase IIa Clinical Trial of Trans-1-Amino-3-(18)F-Fluoro-Cyclobutane Carboxylic Acid in Metastatic Prostate Cancer.

Objectives: We performed a phase IIa clinical trial of trans-1-amino-3-(18)F-fluoro-cyclobutane carboxylic acid (anti-(18)F-FACBC), a synthetic amino acid analog for PET, in patients with metastatic prostate cancer.

Methods: The study subjects consisted of 10 untreated prostate cancer patients having lymph node and/or bone metastasis. Five patients underwent whole-body PET 5 and 30 min after intravenous injection of anti-(18)F-FACBC.

Diffusion-weighted imaging of the breast: comparison of b-values 1000 s/mm² and 1500 s/mm².

Purpose: We compared diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) of the breast using 2 different b-values to determine the optimal b-value for greatest signal contrast between tumors and normal tissue of the breast.

Materials And Methods: We performed DWI of the breast at b-values of 1000 s/mm(2) and 1500 s/mm(2) in 120 patients (121 lesions, 19 benign, 102 malignant) and visually scored image quality with regard to artifact and visibility of tumors. We quantitatively evaluated the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the tumor and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) and contrast ratio (CR) between the tumor and normal breast parenchyma.

Imaging findings of pelvic tumor thrombosis extending from sacral bone metastasis of adrenocortical carcinoma.

We report the imaging findings of a patient with adrenocortical carcinoma who showed pelvic tumor thrombosis extending from sacral bone metastasis. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography demonstrated extensive intraluminal filling defects in the pelvic veins. A lytic lesion in the sacrum was also noted and continuity between the sacral lesion and the filling defect in the branch of pelvic veins was indicated.

Motion artifact reduction of diffusion-weighted MRI of the liver: use of velocity-compensated diffusion gradients combined with tetrahedral gradients.

Purpose: To assess the effect of motion artifact reduction on the diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI-MRI) of the liver, we compared velocity-compensated DWI (VC-DWI) and VC-DWI combined with tetrahedral gradients (t-VC-DWI) to conventional DWI (c-DWI) in the assessment of apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) of the liver.

Materials And Methods: In 12 healthy volunteers, the liver was scanned with c-DWI, VC-DWI, and t-VC-DWI sequences. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and ADC of the liver parenchyma were measured and compared among sequences.

Diffusion-weighted imaging of local recurrent prostate cancer after radiation therapy: comparison with 22-core three-dimensional prostate mapping biopsy.

Accurate localization of local recurrence within the prostate gland is important to perform focal salvage therapy effectively with minimal complications. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in the detection and localization of prostate cancer recurrence in patients with biochemical failure after definitive radiation therapy using 22-core three-dimensional prostate mapping biopsy (3D-PMB) as a standard reference. Ten patients who underwent magnetic resonance imaging and 22-core 3D-PMB were retrospectively analyzed.

Use of an oral effervescent agent in the evaluation of gastric 67Ga uptake.

Objective: Gastric uptake of (67)Ga may be observed in patients with no obvious gastric lesions, as well as those with gastric malignancy. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the use of an effervescent agent aids in evaluating gastric (67)Ga uptake.

Methods: Twenty patients having or suspected of having gastric uptake on whole-body (67)Ga scintigrams were studied.

Diffusion-weighted imaging of the breast: principles and clinical applications.

Diffusion-weighted imaging provides a novel contrast mechanism in magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and has a high sensitivity in the detection of changes in the local biologic environment. A significant advantage of diffusion-weighted MR imaging over conventional contrast material-enhanced MR imaging is its high sensitivity to change in the microscopic cellular environment without the need for intravenous contrast material injection. Approaches to the assessment of diffusion-weighted breast imaging findings include assessment of these data alone and interpretation of the data in conjunction with T2-weighted imaging findings.

Diffusion-weighted MRI of malignant pleural mesothelioma: preliminary assessment of apparent diffusion coefficient in histologic subtypes.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to prospectively assess, in the evaluation of patients with suspected malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM), apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values derived from diffusion-weighted images obtained with a free-breathing single-shot spin-echo echo-planar imaging sequence and to correlate the ADC values with the three histologic subtypes of MPM.

Subjects And Methods: Sixty-two patients with a known pleural abnormality and clinical findings suggestive of MPM underwent diffusion-weighted 3-T MRI and ADC calculation. The pathologic diagnosis was confirmed by surgical procedure.

Identification of residual breast carcinoma following neoadjuvant chemotherapy: diffusion-weighted imaging--comparison with contrast-enhanced MR imaging and pathologic findings.

Purpose: To compare the capability of diffusion-weighted (DW) and contrast material-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) imaging to provide diagnostic information on residual breast cancers following neoadjuvant chemotherapy and to assess apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) of the carcinoma prior to neoadjuvant chemotherapy to determine if the method could help predict response to chemotherapy.

Materials And Methods: Institutional review board approval and informed consent were obtained. Three hundred ninety-eight patients underwent MR imaging of the breast, including DW MR (b values, 0 and 1500 sec/mm(2)) and contrast-enhanced MR imaging.

Diffusion-weighted imaging of mucinous carcinoma of the breast: evaluation of apparent diffusion coefficient and signal intensity in correlation with histologic findings.

Objective: The purposes of this study were to compare the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of mucinous carcinoma of the breast with that of other breast tumors and to analyze correlations between signal intensity on diffusion-weighted images and the histologic features of mucinous carcinoma.

Subjects And Methods: Two hundred seventy-six patients with 277 lesions, including 15 mucinous carcinomas (13 pure type, two mixed type), 204 other malignant tumors, and 58 benign lesions, were examined with 1.5-T MRI at b values of 0 and 1,500 s/mm(2).