Publications by authors named "Reiko Saika"

Backgrounds And Objectives: Severe hyposmia (SH) is a prodromal symptom of dementia associated with Parkinson's disease (PD) caused by Lewy bodies deposited in the limbic regions that connect the frontal and temporal lobes. We aimed to clarify the association between hyposmia and frontal lobe dysfunction (FLD) among patients with PD.

Methods: Patients with PD and Hoehn & Yahr stage 1-3 at on-periods without apparent dementia were screened.

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Introduction: Recently, there have been a few reports of atypical post-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) myelopathy manifesting tract-specific lesions similar to those due to vitamin B deficiency. However, the precise characteristics of imaging or clinical course remain not well understood.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of the clinical and imaging characteristics of four patients who were referred to our hospital with a unique post-COVID-19 myelopathy was performed.

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Eomesodermin-expressing (Eomes) T-helper (Th) cells show cytotoxic characteristics in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis. We found that Eomes Th cell frequency was increased in the peripheral blood of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Alzheimer's disease patients. Furthermore, granzyme B production by Th cells from such patients was high compared with controls.

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Background And Objectives: To elucidate current epidemiologic, clinical, and immunologic profiles and treatments of stiff-person syndrome (SPS) in Japan.

Methods: A nationwide mail survey was conducted using an established method. Data processing sheets were sent to randomly selected departments of internal medicine, neurology, pediatrics, psychiatry, and neurosurgery in hospitals and clinics throughout Japan to identify patients with SPS who were seen between January 2015 and December 2017.

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Background And Purpose: Colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R)-related leukoencephalopathy is an adult-onset leukoencephalopathy caused by mutations in CSF1R. The present study aimed to explore the broader genetic spectrum of CSF1R-related leukoencephalopathy in association with clinical and imaging features.

Methods: Mutational analysis of CSF1R was performed for 100 consecutive patients with adult-onset leukoencephalopathy.

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Background: Individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) are vulnerable to all types of infection, because MS itself involves immunodeficiency, in addition to involving treatment with immunosuppressants. Simple predictive variables for infection that are easily assessed in daily examinations are warranted. Lymphocyte area under the curve (L_AUC), defined as the sum of serial absolute lymphocyte counts under the lymphocyte count-time curve, has been established as a predictive factor for several infections after allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

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Background: This study aimed to clarify the frequency and clinical features of monogenic cerebral small vessel disease (mgCSVD) among patients with adult-onset severe CSVD in Japan.

Methods: This study included patients with adult-onset severe CSVD with an age of onset ≤55 years (group 1) or >55 years and with a positive family history (group 2). After conducting conventional genetic tests for and , whole-exome sequencing was performed on undiagnosed patients.

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Background: Microglia, as well as other tissue-resident macrophages, arise from yolk sac progenitors. Thus, it is likely that the central nervous system environment is critical for the acquisition of a distinct microglial phenotype. Several microRNAs that are enriched in the brain play crucial roles in brain development and may also play a role in the differentiation of microglia.

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Aims: Microglia are the resident immune cells in the central nervous system, originating from haematopoietic-derived myeloid cells. A microglial cell is a double-edged sword, which has both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory functions. Although understanding the role of microglia in pathological conditions has become increasingly important, histopathology has been the only way to investigate microglia in human diseases.

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Background And Purpose: Cerebral microbleeds (MBs) are frequently detected in patients with stroke, especially those who experience intracerebral hemorrhage. However, the clinical significance of MBs in subjects without cerebrovascular disease is still unclear. We performed a prospective study to determine whether the presence of MBs provides useful prognostic information in healthy elderly individuals.

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