Annual decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate is a risk factor for cardiovascular events independent of proteinuria.

Aims: Chronic kidney disease is a risk factor of the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, it is not clear whether decline of glomerular filtration rate (GFR), not reduced GFR, is a risk factor for the incidence of CVD independent of proteinuria.

Methods: By using a population-based 521 123 person-years longitudinal cohort receiving annual health checkups from 2008 to 2010, we examined whether the annual decline of estimated GFR is a risk factor for CVD development independent of proteinuria.

Annual incidence of persistent proteinuria in the general population from Ibaraki annual urinalysis study.

Background: For a definitive diagnosis of chronic kidney disease, at least 2 consecutive positive results of proteinuria with an interval of >3 months are required. However, most previous reports were based on single-screening data.

Patients And Methods: The subjects in this study were participants in an annual health examination held in Ibaraki, Japan, between 1993 and 2003.