Accuracy of Transperineal Ultrasonography for Assessing Rectal Lesions in Paediatric Ulcerative Colitis: A Prospective Study.

Background And Aims: Transabdominal ultrasonography [TAUS] appears comparable to colonoscopy for evaluating ulcerative colitis [UC] activity, but it has low accuracy in rectal evaluation. In this study, the accuracy of transperineal ultrasonography [TPUS] for evaluating rectal activity was compared to that of colonoscopy in paediatric UC cases.

Methods: Faecal calprotectin [FCP] values and TPUS and colonoscopic findings were compared prospectively in paediatric UC cases.

Clinical features of very early-onset inflammatory bowel disease in Japan: a retrospective single-center study.

Background/aims: Very early-onset inflammatory bowel disease (VEO-IBD), defined as IBD diagnosed in patients younger than 6 years, is a challenge for pediatric gastroenterologists. Although there have been reports regarding VEO-IBD in Western countries, those in Asia are still lacking. This study aimed to investigate the clinical features of Japanese VEO-IBD patients.

Evaluating Small Intestinal Motility in a Rat Model of Adolescent Irritable Bowel Syndrome.

Objectives: The correlation between altered small intestinal motility and irritable bowel syndrome is not well evaluated. This study aimed to assess the small intestinal and colonic transits in an adolescent irritable bowel syndrome rat model with restraint stress and determine the role of small intestinal motility in the irritable bowel syndrome pathophysiology.

Materials: Restraint stress was utilized to prepare adolescent irritable bowel syndrome rat models that were evaluated for clinical signs, including stool frequency and diarrhea.

Differentiation of Yersinia enterocolitica enteritis from other bacterial enteritides by ultrasonography: A single-center case-control study.

Background: The diagnosis of Yersinia enterocolitica (Ye) enteritis is not easy because detection from stool culture is more difficult for Ye than for other bacterial enteritides. The establishment of characteristic ultrasonographic findings for Ye enteritis would help improve the detection rate of Ye enteritis along with performance of several cold cultures. This would facilitate appropriate selection of antibiotics based on antimicrobial susceptibility testing and contribute to a more accurate understanding of local public health.

Novel pediatric granulomatosis with polyangiitis with a marked bloody pericardial effusion and bloody stool: a case report.

Background: Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) is a syndrome of refractory vasculitis involving the upper respiratory tract, lungs, kidneys, and systemic small and medium-sized arteries that affects all age groups. No pediatric case with a bloody pericardial effusion resulting in cardiac tamponade and co-existing hematochezia has been reported.

Case Presentation: A 14-year-old boy was referred for evaluation of prolonged fever, chest pain, and intermittent hematochezia.

Expression of Oncogenic Molecules in Pediatric Ulcerative Colitis.

Introduction: Long-term disease duration of ulcerative colitis (UC) is known to increase the risk of developing colorectal cancer in adults; however, this association has not been genetically analyzed in children with UC. Herein, we examined the expression of cancer-related genes in the colonic mucosa of pediatric UC patients and their risk of developing colorectal cancer.

Methods: Microarray analysis of cancer-related gene expression was conducted on rectal mucosa biopsy specimens randomly selected from pediatric cases, including 4 active-phase UC cases, 3 remission-phase UC cases, and 3 irritable bowel syndrome control cases.

Stool preparation under anaerobic conditions contributes to retention of obligate anaerobes: potential improvement for fecal microbiota transplantation.

Background: Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in patients with ulcerative colitis has shown variable efficacy depending on the protocol used. A previous randomized controlled trial reported that anaerobic preparation of donor stool contributes to improved efficacy. Despite the suggestion that viable obligate anaerobes would be decreased through aerobic handling, there have been only a limited number of reports on how these aerobic or anaerobic procedures affect the composition of viable microbiota in the fecal slurries used for FMT.

Features and Outcomes of Children with Ulcerative Colitis who Undergo a Diagnostic Change: A Single-Center Experience.

Purpose: A change in diagnosis from ulcerative colitis (UC) to Crohn's disease (CD) has been reported in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease; however, only a few clinical characteristics and predictors of this diagnostic change have been reported. We aimed to describe the clinical characteristics of patients with UC who underwent a change in diagnosis to CD and identify variables associated with the change.

Methods: The medical records of pediatric patients with UC who were followed up at the National Center for Child Health and Development between 2006 and 2019 were retrospectively reviewed.

Linked colour imaging versus white-light colonoscopy for the detection of flat colorectal lesions: A randomized controlled trial.

Aim: Linked colour imaging is an image-enhanced endoscopy system that emphasizes the red portion of the mucosa's colour. Our aim was to compare the effectiveness of linked colour imaging with white-light colonoscopy for the detection of flat-type colorectal polyps.

Method: This was a single-centre, randomized controlled trial.

Effectiveness of Biological Agents in the Treatment of Pediatric Patients with Crohn's Disease and Anal Fistulae.

Introduction: Anal fistulae have a significant impact on the quality of life of patients with Crohn's disease (CD). In this cross-sectional study, we aimed to determine whether biological agents were effective in treating anal fistulae in patients with CD.

Methods: Fifty-three patients diagnosed with CD were retrospectively enrolled.

Eradication therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection based on the antimicrobial susceptibility test in children: A single-center study over 12 years.

Background: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection causes chronic gastritis, duodenal and to a lesser extent, gastric ulcers, and gastric cancer. Most H.

Efficacy of Eradication Therapy on Platelet Recovery in Pediatric Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura-Case Series and a Systematic Review.

Evidence relating to the efficacy of eradication therapy for chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura (cITP) in childhood is inadequate. The aim of this retrospective study was to determine the efficacy of eradication therapy for platelet response in pediatric patients with cITP in our hospital, and to perform a systematic review of previous reports about pediatric patients with cITP who were positive for infection and were treated with eradication therapy. Analysis of the data of pediatric patients with cITP in our hospital and a systematic review of digital literature databases of studies in pediatric patients with cITP were performed.

Pureed diets containing a gelling agent to reduce the risk of aspiration in elderly patients with moderate to severe dysphagia: A randomized, crossover trial.

Goals: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of adding a gelling agent to pureed diets to prevent aspiration pneumonia in elderly patients with moderate to severe dysphagia.

Background: Pureed diets are often used to reduce aspiration in patients with dysphagia. However, the ideal texture of a pureed diet to prevent aspiration pneumonia remains unclear.

X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein deficiency complicated with Crohn's disease-like enterocolitis and Takayasu arteritis: A case report.

X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) deficiency results in monogenic inflammatory bowel disease. To date, no vasculitis associated with XIAP deficiency has been reported. A 10-year-old boy was diagnosed with Crohn's disease and he responded poorly to conventional treatment for Crohn's disease.

Ustekinumab for children and adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease at a tertiary children's hospital in Japan.

Background And Aim: Ustekinumab is a human monoclonal antibody targeting the p40 subunit of both interleukin-12 and interleukin-23 with reported efficacy to treat Crohn's disease. However, few studies have reported the use of ustekinumab for pediatric inflammatory bowel disease. This study aimed to assess the clinical efficacy and safety of ustekinumab in children and adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease.

Is a pediatrician performed gray scale ultrasonography with power Doppler study safe and effective for triaging acute non-perforated appendicitis for conservative management?

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine whether acute non-perforated appendicitis (ANPA) can be safely triaged by a pediatrician for conservative management (CM) using gray-scale ultrasonography with power Doppler (GSPD).

Method: Seventy five cases of ANPA assessed by a pediatrician with GSPD (2013-2015) were reviewed. GSPD grading for ANPA was: I: slightly irregular wall/normal blood flow; II: irregular wall/increased blood flow; III: irregular wall/decreased blood flow; and IV: absence of wall/blood flow.