Carbapenem resistance in gram-negative pathogens in an Iranian hospital: high prevalence of OXA-type carbapenemase genes.

Background: The widespread dissemination of carbapenem- resistant gram-negative bacteria poses a significant threat to global public health.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of carbapenem resistance in gram-negative bacteria isolated from patients at the Children's Medical Center Hospital, Tehran, Iran, to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying this resistance.

Methods: During the period spanning from June 2019 to June 2020, 777 gram-negative bacterial strains were isolated.

Molecular Epidemiology of Carbapenemase-Producing : An Iranian Referral Hospital-Based Study.

In recent years, there has been a significant increase in infections caused by carbapenemase-producing strains, with carbapenem-resistant (CRPA) emerging as a priority pathogen according to the World Health Organization. This study aimed to evaluate the molecular epidemiology of CRPA isolated from patients referred to Children's Medical Center in Tehran, Iran. isolates collected from different children's wards were screened for common carbapenem-resistant genes by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

Measles immunity status in Iranian infants and children and outbreak concerns: Time for reconsidering the vaccination schedule?

Introduction: Measles vaccination has greatly reduced the disease burden worldwide, but challenges remain due to variations in vaccine effectiveness across age groups. This study aimed to assess the serological profile of measles antibodies across different age groups, evaluate the impact of maternal immunity on antibody levels in infants under 12 months, and assess measles immunity in vaccinated individuals.

Material And Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from June 2022 to January 2023 at the Children's Medical Center, a referral hospital in Iran.

Post-discharge follow-up of pediatric COVID-19 patients: insights into serological dynamics.

Introduction: Limited data are available regarding SARS-CoV-2 serological response dynamics in pediatric patients with COVID-19, contributing to gaps in our understanding of the immune response in this population. This study aimed to investigate SARS-CoV-2 IgG seropositivity in patients diagnosed with COVID-19 during hospitalization and 2-4 weeks after discharge.

Methods: A cohort of patients, consisting of 31 individuals with confirmed acute COVID-19 infection and 27 diagnosed with Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C), was enrolled in the study.

Changing Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance of Bacterial Childhood Diarrhea: Insights from a 7-Year Study in an Iranian Referral Hospital.

Acute gastroenteritis (AGE) poses a significant public health challenge for children in developing countries. Considering the high prevalence of AGE in Iranian children, the aim of this study was to investigate and analyze the patterns and changes in bacterial identification as well as antibiotic resistance in AG over the course of 7 years. From January 2015 to December 2021, a total of 15,300 pediatric patients with AGE were admitted to the Children's Medical Center, an Iranian academic referral hospital, Tehran, Iran.

High prevalence of carbapenem resistance and clonal expansion of bla gene in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates in an Iranian referral pediatric hospital.

Background: The increasing global concern regarding antibiotic resistance necessitates in-depth studies to comprehend the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of resistant bacterial strains. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence, antibiotic resistance profiles, and molecular characteristics of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) isolates in an Iranian referral pediatrics hospital.

Methods: In this study, we examined CRKP isolates collected from hospitalized pediatric patients across various wards.

Diagnostic accuracy of the IFN-γ release assay using RD1 immunodominant T-cell antigens for diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis.

The diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) poses a significant challenge, with controversies surrounding the accuracy of IFN-γ release assays (IGRAs). This study aimed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of RD1 immunodominant T-cell antigens, including ESAT-6, CFP-10, PE35, and PPE68 proteins, for immunodiagnosis of EPTB. Twenty-nine patients with EPTB were enrolled, and recombinant PE35, PPE68, ESAT-6, and CFP-10 proteins were evaluated in a 3-day Whole Blood Assay.

Monitoring Over a Decade in the Serotype Prevalence of in Iran: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background: There is no comprehensive information about the circulating serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Iran in recent years. This study aimed to summarize information about the changes over a decade in the serotype prevalence of in Iran.

Methods: We performed a comprehensive search in PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, Science Direct, and the Iranian Database, such as Magiran and SID, from January 2011 to February 2023.

Clinical and laboratory features of SARS-CoV-2 variants across multiple rounds of pandemic waves in hospitalized children in an Iranian referral hospital.

Background: Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, SARS-CoV-2 has evolved into independent new forms, variants of concern (VOCs). While epidemiological data showed increased transmissibility of VOCs, their impact on clinical outcomes is less clear. This study aimed to investigate the differences between the clinical and laboratory features of children infected with VOCs.

Association of body mass index with COVID-19 outcome in a pediatric tertiary referral hospital in Iran.

Background: One of the challenging risk factors for severe COVID-19 infection is obesity and high body mass index (BMI). In this study we assessed the association between BMI and outcomes of hospitalized pediatric patients with COVID-19 in Iran.

Method: This retrospective cross-sectional study was performed in the biggest referral pediatric hospital in Tehran from March 7 to August 17, 2020.

Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns of Gram-negative Bacteria in an Iranian Referral Pediatric Hospital: A Present Danger of New Delhi Metallo-β- lactamase.

Background: Antimicrobial resistance among gram-negative bacteria has been growing, particularly in developing countries, like Iran. The emergence and spread of carbapenem-resistance mechanisms is a major public health concern because no definite treatments have yet been established for this problem. This study aimed to evaluate antibiotic susceptibility of gram-negative bacteria, metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs) and carbapenemase-producing genes, including bla , bla , and bla in patients referred to Children's Medical Center, Tehran, Iran.

Evaluation of response to different COVID-19 vaccines in vaccinated healthcare workers in a single center in Iran.

Due to the recent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and emergent administration of various vaccines worldwide, comprehensive studies on the different aspects of vaccines are in demand. This study evaluated antibody response after the second dose of the COVID-19 vaccine in the Children's Medical Center personnel. The blood samples of 174 healthcare workers were gathered at least 10 days after vaccination.

High frequency of antimicrobial resistance and virulence gene in Shigella species isolated from pediatric patients in an Iranian Referral Hospital.

Background: Shigella is a main cause of gastroenteritis and it is responsible for 5 to 10 % of diarrhea through the world. The aims of this study were to assess the antibiotic susceptibility pattern and the presence of 3 common virulence genes (sigA, virF, invE) of Shigella strains isolated from patients with gastroenteritis in Children's Medical Center Hospital, Tehran, Iran.

Methods: Over a period of 15 months, all Shigella species collected from the patients with gastroenteritis were entered to the study.

Children with SARS-CoV-2 infection during the novel coronaviral disease (COVID-19) outbreak in Iran: an alarming concern for severity and mortality of the disease.

Background: The rapid worldwide spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections led to public health crises globally and the number of pediatric patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is still rising. The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, and imaging features of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 at an Iranian referral pediatrics hospital and to compare these parameters between hospitalized patients with and without severe disease, multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) and children with acute COVID-19, as well as deceased and discharged cases.

Methods: This study included hospitalized children and adolescents (≤ 18 years) with suspected COVID-19 who had positive results for SARS-CoV-2.

Evaluation of human coronavirus OC43 and SARS-COV-2 in children with respiratory tract infection during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is an overwhelming crisis across the world. Human Coronavirus OC43 (HCoV-OC43) is a Betacoronavirus responsible mostly for mild respiratory symptoms. Since the presentations of HCoV-OC43 and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) are believed to resemble a lot, the aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency and characteristics of HCoV-OC43 in the current pandemic and the rate of coinfection for the two viruses.

Detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in pediatric patients: An Iranian referral hospital-based study.

Background: As the extent of the pandemic and its seroprevalence pattern has been less clarified in pediatrics to date, we aimed to conduct this study to investigate the clinical and laboratory characteristics of COVID-19 in Iranian children, with a focus on evaluating the antibody prevalence and its relation with the laboratory tests.

Methods: All children with highly suspected COVID-19 were included. Anti-nucleoprotein SARS-CoV-2 were measured using SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin M (IgM) and SARS-CoV-2 IgG ELISA kits.

Evaluation of treatment response in active tuberculosis using QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus.

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the leading infectious causes of death worldwide and despite the progress recently made in TB control at a global level, the decline in its incidence is still slow. It is therefore crucial to evaluate the performance of new tools for monitoring of TB treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the response to tuberculosis treatment using the QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus (QFT-Plus) kit.

Antimicrobial Resistance and Genotyping of Bacteria Isolated from Urinary Tract Infection in Children in an Iranian Referral Hospital.

Introduction: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common bacterial infections in childhood, and the increasing rate of antibiotic resistance to the commonly prescribed antimicrobial agents against it has become a major concern. The aim of this study was to determine the antibiotic resistance and genotyping of bacteria isolated from urine cultures in patients referred to the Children's Medical Center, Tehran, Iran.

Methods: During the 1-year period, antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of strains isolated from patients with UTI were determined.

High prevalence of latent tuberculosis in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients: A First Report.

TB is an increasing health problem, and patients undergoing HSCT are more prone to develop tuberculosis. The aim of our study was to evaluate prevalence of latent tuberculosis in HSCT recipients. In this study, 84 patients (2 months to 18 years) who were candidates for HSCT at the referral hospital of Tehran Children's Medical Center were enrolled.

Differential Gene Expression of ASUN, NEMF, PTPRC and DHX29: Candidate Biomarkers for the Diagnosis of Active and Latent Tuberculosis.

Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the most important infectious causes of death throughout the world. A wide range of technologies have been used for the diagnosis of TB. However, current diagnostic tests are inadequate.

Antibiotic resistance and genotyping of gram-negative bacteria causing hospital-acquired infection in patients referred to Children's Medical Center.

Background And Aim: Hospital-acquired infection (HAI) is a major problem worldwide. Understanding patterns of bacterial etiology and antibiotic susceptibility is vital to combating HAI. Besides, typing of isolates is important to establish the intra-hospital surveillance of resistant clones.

Diagnostic accuracy of interferon (IFN)-γ inducible protein 10 (IP-10) as a biomarker for the discrimination of active and latent tuberculosis.

To assess the potency of Interferon (IFN)-γ inducible protein 10 (IP-10) stimulated by recombinant PE35 and PPE68 as a biomarker in differentiating between active and latent tuberculosis. Patients with active pulmonary TB (PTB) (n = 30), latent TB infection (LTBI) (n = 29), and BCG-vaccinated healthy controls (HCs) (n = 30) were enrolled and blood samples were taken from them. The diagnostic performance of IP-10 was evaluated by the Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve and the area under the curve (AUC) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated.