AC-DC Electropenetrography for the Study of Probing and Ingestion Behaviors of Culex tarsalis Mosquitoes on Human Hands.

Mosquitoes transmit pathogens that negatively affect human and animal health. A greater understanding of their blood-feeding biology and interactions with hosts and pathogens could be exploited to develop new targets for controlling mosquito-borne diseases. Unfortunately, probing (i.

Kansas beef bulls with chronic anaplasmosis demonstrate satisfactory breeding soundness outcomes at breeding soundness examination.

Objective: The objectives of this study were to evaluate the prevalence of chronic Anaplasma marginale infection in beef bulls from eastern Kansas and compare breeding soundness parameters between A marginale-infected and uninfected bulls. We hypothesized that bulls with chronic anaplasmosis would have inferior breeding soundness exam (BSE) outcomes as a result of persistent A marginale infection or the consequence of initial clinical disease compared to uninfected bulls.

Animals: 535 client-owned beef bulls from eastern Kansas undergoing routine BSE.

High levels of alpha-gal with large variation in the salivary glands of lone star ticks fed on human blood.

Tick bites, associated with the secretion of tick saliva containing the xenoglycan galactose-alpha-1, 3-galactose (alpha-gal or aGal), are recognized as the causal factors of alpha-Gal syndrome (AGS; or red meat allergy) in humans. AGS occurs after the increased production of IgE antibodies against aGal, which is found in most mammalian cells, except for the Old World monkey and humans. The aGal sensitization event has been linked to an initial tick bite, followed by consumption of red meat containing the aGal glycan, which triggers the onset of the allergic response resulting in urticaria, anaphylaxis, or even death.

Comparison of the initial and residual speed of Ixodes scapularis kill on dogs treated with a single dose of Bravecto Chew (25 mg/kg fluralaner) or Simparica TRIO (1.2 mg/kg sarolaner, 24 µg/kg moxidectin, 5 mg/kg pyrantel).

Background: Compliant ectoparasiticide product use is a comprehensive way to control ticks and reduce the risk of tick-borne pathogen transmission to dogs. Because the systemically acting isoxazoline ectoparasiticides require tick attachment for drug delivery, fast speed of kill is essential to minimize tick-borne pathogen transmission risk.

Methods: Dogs of satisfactory tick-carrying capacity were randomly allocated to treatment groups and administered, per label instructions, Bravecto Chews (minimum 25 mg/kg fluralaner), Simparica TRIO (minimum 1.

Narrative interview and reconstruction of biographic case: methodological alternative in nursing research.

Objective: To present the biographical narrative interviews and biographical case reconstruction as methodological alternatives in nursing research.

Methods: Theoretical-reflective study that presents the aspects of the biographical narrative method and of reconstruction of biographical cases according to the German interpretive social research framework developed by the sociologist Gabriele Rosenthal.

Results And Discussion: The reflection was organized into three topics: conceptual interpretative aspects of biographical research; biographical narrative interview in the production of data; reconstruction of biographical case.

No evidence for a negative association between bovine leukemia virus status and fertility in Kansas beef herds: a cross-sectional study.

Objective: Determine the association between bovine leukemia virus (BLV) status and fertility in beef cows. BLV-status was defined using 3 different testing strategies (ELISA-, quantitative polymerase chain reaction- [qPCR], and high proviral load [PVL]-status). Fertility was defined as the overall probability of pregnancy as well as the probability of becoming pregnant in the first 21 days of the breeding season.

: An Overview.

is a tick-transmitted, obligate, hemoprotozoal, piroplasmid pathogen of felids and the causative agent of cytauxzoonosis. It has a complex life cycle which includes a tick as its definitive host and a felid as its intermediate host. Since its first description in 1976, infections of felids have been reported in several southeastern and south-central U.

Comparison of high throughput RNA sequences between and revealed consistent differential gene expression that is required for the life cycle in the vertebrate and invertebrate hosts.

Bovine babesiosis caused by and is an economically important disease that affects cattle worldwide. Both and are transovarially transmitted by ticks. However, little is known regarding parasite gene expression during infection of the tick vector or mammalian host, which has limited the development of effective control strategies to alleviate the losses to the cattle industry.

Cross-sectional study to describe bovine leukemia virus herd and within-herd ELISA prevalence and bovine leukemia virus proviral load of convenience-sampled Kansas beef cow-calf herds.

Objective: Determine bovine leukemia virus (BLV) seroprevalence of adult female cattle in Eastern Kansas beef herds and the proviral load (PVL) of those cattle found to be ELISA positive.

Animals: Convenience sample of 2,845 cows from 44 beef herds.

Procedures: BLV serostatus was determined using an ELISA antibody test (gp-51; IDEXX).

Satisfactory breeding potential is transiently eliminated in beef bulls with clinical anaplasmosis.

Background: Natural service breeding is common in U.S. cow-calf operations.

Effect of Protracted Free-Choice Chlortetracycline-Medicated Mineral for Anaplasmosis Control on Chlortetracycline Resistance Profile from Pastured Beef Cattle.

Anaplasmosis is an economically-significant, hemolytic, tick-borne disease of cattle caused by which can cause clinical anemia and death. Current control options are limited, and FDA-approved antimicrobial control options do not have a defined duration of use. A practical and routinely used anaplasmosis control method involves feeding free-choice chlortetracycline (CTC)-medicated mineral to pastured cattle for several months.

Failure to Eliminate Persistent Infection from Cattle Using Labeled Doses of Chlortetracycline and Oxytetracycline Antimicrobials.

Bovine anaplasmosis, caused by the intracellular rickettsial pathogen , is the most prevalent tick-transmitted disease of cattle worldwide. In the U.S.

AC-DC electropenetrography unmasks fine temporal details of feeding behaviors for two tick species on unsedated hosts.

Ticks are significant nuisance pests and vectors of pathogens for humans, companion animals, and livestock. Limited information on tick feeding behaviors hampers development and rigorous evaluation of tick and tick-borne pathogen control measures. To address this obstacle, the present study examined the utility of AC-DC electropenetrography (EPG) to monitor feeding behaviors of adult Dermacentor variabilis and Amblyomma americanum in real-time.

Acute Cases in Domestic Cats from Eastern Kansas, a Retrospective Case-Control Study (2006-2019).

, a tick-borne hemoprotozoal pathogen of felids, causes an acute, often-fatal disease in domestic cats. While public awareness of the disease has increased, few studies have evaluated the incidence of acute cytauxzoonosis cases and their associated risk factors. The objective of this study was to retrospectively review records of cats diagnosed with acute cytauxzoonosis in eastern Kansas from 2006-2019 using clinic records and determine: (i) feline cytauxzoonosis risk factors; and (ii) if cytauxzoonosis case incidence is increasing.

Transcriptome dataset of life stages within vertebrate and invertebrate hosts.

is a hemoprotozoan parasite of cattle that has a complex life cycle within vertebrate and invertebrate hosts. In the mammalian host, undergoes asexual reproduction while in the tick midgut, gametes are induced, fuse, and form zygotes. The zygote infects tick gut epithelial cells and transform into kinetes that are released into the hemolymph and invade other tick tissues such as the ovaries, resulting in transovarial transmission to tick offspring.

Prevalence of Infection-Carriers in Eastern Kansas Domestic Cats.

is a hemoprotozoal tick-transmitted pathogen of felids. Felids that survive acute disease often remain infected and serve as reservoirs for subsequent tick transmission to other susceptible felines. States adjacent to Kansas have identified -domestic cat carriers while statewide awareness and concern of cytauxzoonosis have increased.

Comparative analysis of gene expression between Babesia bovis blood stages and kinetes allowed by improved genome annotation.

Throughout their life cycle, Babesia parasites alternate between a mammalian host, where they cause babesiosis, and the tick vector. Transition between hosts results in distinct environmental signals that influence patterns of gene expression, consistent with the morphological and functional changes operating in the parasites during their life stages. In addition, comparing differential patterns of gene expression among mammalian and tick parasite stages can provide clues for developing improved methods of control.

AC-DC electropenetrography: fundamentals, controversies, and perspectives for arthropod pest management.

Studying the intimate association of arthropods with their physical substrate is both important and challenging. It is important because substrate is a key determinant for organism fitness; challenging because the intricacies of this association are dynamic, and difficult to record and resolve. The advent of electropenetrography (EPG) and subsequent developments allowed researchers to overcome this challenge.

Bovine anaplasmosis herd prevalence and management practices as risk-factors associated with herd disease status.

Bovine anaplasmosis is a hemolytic disease of cattle caused by which can cause anemia, adult mortality, abortion, and performance reduction. The objectives of this study were to estimate herd-level infection prevalence of bovine anaplasmosis in Kansas cow-calf herds and assess management practices associated with herd infection status. Licensed Kansas veterinarians were randomly selected and provided clientele to generate randomly selected participant herds.

Stereochemical Differences in Fluorocyclopropyl Amides Enable Tuning of Btk Inhibition and Off-Target Activity.

Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk) is thought to play a pathogenic role in chronic immune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and lupus. While covalent, irreversible Btk inhibitors are approved for treatment of hematologic malignancies, they are not approved for autoimmune indications. In efforts to develop additional series of reversible Btk inhibitors for chronic immune diseases, we sought to differentiate from our clinical stage inhibitor fenebrutinib using cyclopropyl amide isosteres of the 2-aminopyridyl group to occupy the flat, lipophilic H2 pocket.

Determination of plasma-chlortetracycline (CTC) concentrations in grazing beef cattle fed one of four FDA approved free-choice CTC-medicated minerals.

Control of active bovine anaplasmosis in the United States is predicated on the use of chlortetracycline (CTC)-medicated feed throughout the vector season. However, data describing population pharmacokinetics of chlortetracycline in cows, on pasture, having free-choice access to CTC-medicated mineral for consecutive months is lacking. This study documented plasma-CTC concentrations in grazing cows during peak vector season in an anaplasmosis endemic herd.