γδ T Cells Mediate a Requisite Portion of a Wound Healing Response Triggered by Cutaneous Poxvirus Infection.

Infection at barrier sites, e.g., skin, activates local immune defenses that limit pathogen spread, while preserving tissue integrity.

A systemic macrophage response is required to contain a peripheral poxvirus infection.

The goal of the innate immune system is to reduce pathogen spread prior to the initiation of an effective adaptive immune response. Following an infection at a peripheral site, virus typically drains through the lymph to the lymph node prior to entering the blood stream and being systemically disseminated. Therefore, there are three distinct spatial checkpoints at which intervention to prevent systemic spread of virus can occur, namely: 1) the site of infection, 2) the draining lymph node via filtration of lymph or 3) the systemic level via organs that filter the blood.

Redundant Function of Plasmacytoid and Conventional Dendritic Cells Is Required To Survive a Natural Virus Infection.

Unlabelled: Viruses that spread systemically from a peripheral site of infection cause morbidity and mortality in the human population. Innate myeloid cells, including monocytes, macrophages, monocyte-derived dendritic cells (mo-DC), and dendritic cells (DC), respond early during viral infection to control viral replication, reducing virus spread from the peripheral site. Ectromelia virus (ECTV), an orthopoxvirus that naturally infects the mouse, spreads systemically from the peripheral site of infection and results in death of susceptible mice.

CD11b⁺, Ly6G⁺ cells produce type I interferon and exhibit tissue protective properties following peripheral virus infection.

The goal of the innate immune system is containment of a pathogen at the site of infection prior to the initiation of an effective adaptive immune response. However, effector mechanisms must be kept in check to combat the pathogen while simultaneously limiting undesirable destruction of tissue resulting from these actions. Here we demonstrate that innate immune effector cells contain a peripheral poxvirus infection, preventing systemic spread of the virus.

[Ingestion of an open safety pin--challenging treatment].

A 9 month old girl at the emergency room appeared with an acute onset of restlessness, drooling and suspected foreign body ingestion. An X-Ray revealed an open safety pin in the child's upper aero-digestive tract. The source of the safety pin was a "Hamsah" good luck charm that was attached to her bed.

Periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges (PLEDs) following stroke are associated with metabolic abnormalities.

PLEDs are an electroencephalographic phenomenon consisting of high voltage stereotyped periodic transients distributed over one hemisphere, associated with acute or subacute structural lesions as well as with metabolic abnormalities. We have evaluated the contribution of metabolic factors in patients with acute hemispheric stroke. Temperature, serum electrolytes, glucose, kidney and liver function tests were examined in two groups of 14 patients each following acute hemispheric stroke differing in regard to the appearance of PLEDs in the EEG.

Basal ganglia lacunes and parkinsonism.

'Arteriosclerotic' parkinsonism is still a subject of debate. The aim of this study was to investigate whether parkinsonism associated with basal ganglia lacunes possesses peculiar clinical features and a clinical course which enables its distinction from idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD). 106 consecutive ambulatory patients with the clinical diagnosis of parkinsonism were referred for CT examination.

Primary spinal epidural non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The contribution of nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, therapeutic approach and review of the literature.

Primary spinal epidural lymphoma (Stage I) is diagnosed predominantly late after a long prodromal phase of local back pain resulting in spinal cord compression. The use of CT and NMR images in the early stage of investigation and their analysis may help to diagnose these cases prior to the appearance of neurologic deficit. We report on 2 patients who presented with prolonged localized back pain with sudden symptoms of spinal cord compression.

Interferon-related leukoencephalopathy in a patient with renal cell carcinoma.

A 75-year-old patient with metastatic renal cell carcinoma was treated with recombinant interferon alpha-C and thereafter developed a neurologic syndrome of dementia, ataxia, confusional state, loss of concentration ability and cortical blindness. CT scan findings were compatible with leukoencephalopathy, which is reported as being a toxic effect of interferon.

Metastatic disease of the cavernous sinus: contribution of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging to diagnosis.

The clinical presentation of metastatic disease to the cavernous sinus includes ophthalmoplegia, pain and sensory deficit along the optic or maxillary branches of the trigeminal nerve. The role of a CT scan and magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis is discussed. It was found that magnetic resonance imaging is superior to CT scan in demonstrating the cavernous sinus and pontine borders, especially in lymphomatous involvement of these structures.

Unilateral dysplasia of the superior articular facet of the axis: a case report.

A child with unilateral dysplasia of the superior articular facet of the axis is described. This congenital anomaly, due to incomplete ossification, may be a cause of torticollis, although no signs of instability were noted.

Spinal epidural compression in chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

Spinal epidural compression is a rare neurologic complication in patients with lymphoma. It occurs mostly in those with intermediate-grade to high-grade malignancy disease. This type of neurologic involvement has not been described in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL).

Non surgical treatment of subdural hematoma in a hemodialysis patient.

The development of subdural hematoma in the course of hemodialysis treatment has been well documented in the literature. We report a case of a subdural hematoma in a patient on hemodialysis, in whom surgery was contraindicated, due to her concurrent use of anticoagulants. Good recovery was achieved by steroid treatment.

Computed tomography brain changes in parkinsonian dementia.

In order to evaluate the relationship between brain atrophy and the motor and cognitive function in Parkinson's disease, we have evaluated CT changes in 132 consecutive patients and compared them to measures of physical and mental decline, using intercorrelations and variance analysis. The result demonstrated age as a most important factor relating to brain atrophy. After correction for this determinant, it became clear that the motor and cognitive parameters were interdependent but they affected similar CT parameters.

Epileptic psychosis: an evaluation of PSE profiles.

Data are presented on 24 patients with epilepsy and psychosis whose clinical presentation was rated using the Present State Examination (PSE). Seventeen had complex partial seizures and a diagnosis of temporal lobe epilepsy, seven had generalised epilepsy. An association between a CATEGO category of nuclear schizophrenia (NS) and a lesion of the left side was noted.

Cerebellar astrocytoma presenting as deterioration of handwriting in a child.

Deterioration of handwriting in an 11-year-old boy over a 2 month period was found to be caused by a cerebellar astrocytoma. The clinical picture was characterised by a lack of the classic symptoms of increased intracranial pressure. The only positive neurological findings pointed to an isolated right cerebellar symptomatology expressed by mild intention tremor and decreased tone of the right hand.