Androgen target cells in spinal cord, spinal ganglia, and glycogen body of chick embryos. Autoradiographic localization.

After injection of 3H dihydrotestosterone, concentration and retention of radioactivity occur in nuclei of certain neurons in the spinal cord and spinal ganglia as well as in dorsal and ventral root cells of chick embryos at day 10, 12, and 18. Cell of the glycogen body show nuclear labeling at day 12, but not at day 18. In motor neurons in the midlumbar and midbrachial regions in lamina IX and in single neurons in laminae I/II, the nuclear retention of androgen is strongest, but relatively weak in ventral horn cells in thoracic and sacral segments.

Autoradiographic studies with 3H 1,25 (OH)2 vitamin D2 and 3H 25 (OH) vitamin D3 in rat parathyroid glands.

After injection of radiolabeled 1,35 (OH)s vitamin D3, nuclear concentration of radioactivity is observed in parenchymal cells o hte parathyroid gland in pregnant, adult male, and 10-day male neonatal rats. In competition studies with unlabeled 1,25 (OH)2 vitamin D3, but not with 25 (OH) vitamin D3, in contrast to 3H 1,25 (OH)2 vitamin D3, do not show nuclear concentration in cells of te parathyroid. The results of te autoradiographic studies suggest the presence of receptors for a direct effect of 1,35 (OH)2 vitamin D3 on the parathyroid gland for modulation of parathyroid hormone secretion.

Immune-complex inhibition of lymphocyte Fc gamma-receptors in primary biliary cirrhosis: a possible immunomodulatory mechanism.

20 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) had circulating IgG-containing immune complexes. These complexes bind to lymphocyte Fc gamma-receptors in vitro; there was also evidence for in-vivo binding. Such in-vivo binding to T and K lymphocytes may exert an immunomodulatory effect on these cells, and may also explain some of the serological and cellular abnormalities in PBC.

Estrogen target cells in the forebrain of river lamprey, Ichthyomyzon unicuspis.

Estrogen-concentrating cells in the brain of river lamprey, Ichthyomyzon unicuspis, are identified and mapped by thaw-mount autoradiography. After injection of 3H-estradiol-17 beta, cells with nuclear concentration of radioactivity are found in the ventral periventricular area of the telencephalon, and in preoptic, central hypothalamic, and thalamic regions of the diencephalon, while in the pallium no such target cells are found. Injection of unlabeled estradiol prior to the administration of 3H-estradiol reduces of eliminates the nuclear concentration of radioactivity.

Cellular and subcellular localization of 1,25-(OH)2-vitamin D3 in rat kidney: comparison with localization of parathyroid hormone and estradiol.

Results of thaw-mount autoradiographic studies of kidney obtained 1--3 hr after a single injection of 1,25-(OH)2-[3H]vitamin D3 to rats showed strong nuclear concentration of radioactivity in podocytes and cells of distal tubules, including the pars convoluta, macula densa, and pars recta. Intermediate nuclear concentration was found in cells of the thin limb of Henle's loops, whereas weak or no nuclear uptake was seen in cells of the proximal tubules. In contrast, after injection of 3H-labeled parathyroid hormone or [3H]estradiol, mainly cells of the proximal tubules were labeled; after 3H-labeled parathyroid hormone, apical cytoplasmic uptake of radioactivity was seen most strongly in the proximal part of the proximal tubules, whereas, after [3H]estradiol, weak nuclear concentration was seen in cells throughout the proximal tubules.

The ER-rosette inhibition assay as a test for immune complexes.

Soluble transferrin-anti-transferrin (TAT) complexes were shown by EA-rosette inhibition assay to block human lymphocyte receptors for the Fc of reacted IgG (Fc gamma) in vitro. These complexes, which provide a convenient and controlled source of Fc gamma receptor blocking material, were found to inhibit EA-rosette formation over a wide range of antigen: antibody ratios. Complexes were detected at both 37 degrees C and 4 degrees C although the range and sensitivity of the assay was markedly increased at 4 degrees C.

Target cells for 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in intestinal tract, stomach, kidney, skin, pituitary, and parathyroid.

After mature rats that had been fed on a vitamin D3-deficient diet were injected with tritium-labeled 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, radioactivity became concentrated in nuclei of luminal and cryptal epithelium of the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and colon; in nuclei of the epithelium of kidney distal tubules including the macula densa, and in podocytes of glomeruli; in nuclei of the epidermis including outer hairshafts and sebaceous glands; and in nuclei of certain cells of the stomach, anterior and posterior pituitary, and parathyroid. These results reveal cell types that contain receptors for 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 or metabolites of this compound both in known or hypothesized target tissues and in tissues that were previously unknown to participate in vitamin D3 metabolism.

Pseudomonas corneal ulcer. The causative role of contaminated eye cosmetics.

The clinical significance of contaminated ocular cosmetics is illustrated by the case of a 47-year-old woman in whom a Pseudomonas corneal ulcer developed immediately after she sustained minor corneal trauma with a mascara applicator. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was cultured from the corneal ulcer and the mascara. In addition to the causative role in acute corneal ulcers, contaminated eye cosmetics contribute to chronic external eye infections.

Prevention of immune graft rejection after corneal transplantation.

The effectiveness of fluorometholone was compared to dexamethasone phosphate and prednisolone acetate in preventing the immune corneal graft reaction in rabbits. Clear corneal grafts were obtained. Rejection was induced after skin from the corneal donor animal was grafted subcutaneously in the host animal and the animals were randomized into four treatment groups.

Occurrence and metabolic activity of organisms under the ross ice shelf, antarctica, at station j9.

Seawater samples below the Ross Ice Shelf were collected through an access hole at J9, approximately 400 kilometers from the Ross Sea, Antarctica. The 237-meter water column had sparse populations of bacteria (8.7 x 10(6) to 1.

Lymphocyte emperipolesis revisited. II. Further characterization of the lymphocyte subpopulation involved.

We have previously shown that lymphocyte emperipolesis, the phenomenon whereby lymphocytes wander freely within the cytoplasm of larger host cells, is almost totally dependent on host cell pre-sensitization with IgG type antibody. In addition, the particular lymphocyte subpopulation involved was partially characterized as an Fc receptor bearing, non-T cell. In this study we have attempted to further define the emperipoletic lymphocyte subpopulation using cell fractionation procedures and correlation analysis.

Lymphocyte emperipolesis revisited. I. Development of in vitro assay and preliminary characterisation of the lymphocyte subpopulation involved.

A surprisingly high proportion of antibody (IgG) sensitized Chang liver cells apparently contained one or more intracytoplasmic human peripheral blood lymphocytes following a period of contact at 37°. Since various technical factors were found to influence this phenomenon of lymphocyte `emperipolesis', optimum conditions were selected for use in a standard quantitative assay. Lymphocytes from normal individuals varied considerably in their ability to participate in emperipolesis; an observation which suggested that a particular lymphocyte subpopulation may be involved.

The effect of allopurinol on calcium oxalate (whewellite) precipitation.

On the basis of measurements of adsorption, solution depletion, zeta potential, solubility, seeded-crystal growth, nucleation, and intrarenal precipitation in rats, it was not possible to show that allopurinol retards the crystallization of calcium oxalate (whewellite).

The expectation of free and fixed particles in urinary stone disease.

There is a paucity of literature concerning the origin of urinary stone disease. This report uses information currently available to examine the likelihood of urinary stone disease starting from free or fixed crystalluric particles. We conclude that stone disease in the renal tubules and renal pelvis cannot begin on unattached (free) particles.

Ultrafiltration evidence of ion binding by macromolecules in urine.

In an effort to rationalize the difference between computed estimates of urinary calcium oxalate supersaturation and estimates obtained by equilibrating urine with solid calcium oxalate, we examined ultrasfiltered urine for the binding of urinary ions. Urine was passed through a filter with a nominal passage cutoff of 1000 Daltons. The average reduction in concentration of the ultrafiltrate was 12.

Demonstration of Fc receptors on the surface of B lymphocytes.

Human blood lymphocytes were tested by an immunofluorescence technique for surface immunoglobulin and by a rosette test with IgG-sensitised red cells for Fc receptors. From combined tests and experiments involving fractionation of lymphocyte populations it is concluded that Fc receptors are demonstrable on most B lymphocytes by the rosette test, but only if the red cells are optimally sensitised. These observations are advanced as an explanation of the discrepant results of surface marker tests on B cells.

Reduction in peripheral blood K cells and activated T cells in primary biliary cirrhosis.

Lymphocyte subpopulations were measured in the peripheral blood of 13 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), 13 with chronic active hepatitis (CAH), and 16 age- and sex-matched normal subjects. A significant, relative and absolute, reduction in activated T cells and K cells, compared with that in normal subjects, was found in PBC but not in CAH. The reduction in K cells observed in PBC was found to be accompanied by a parallel decrease in lymphocyte-mediated antibody-dependent cytotoxicity.

Increase in peripheral blood 'null' cells in extrinsic bronchial asthma.

Lymphocyte subpopulations were measured in the peripheral blood of fifteen patients with extrinsic bronchial asthma and twenty-seven normal control subjects. No significant differences in the absolute numbers of relative proportions of T, B or K lymphocytes were found. Antibody-dependent lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity (K-cell activity) was also found to be normal.

A method of measuring pressures against tissues supporting functioning complete dentures.

A metod for measuring pressures exerted by denture bases against the supporting tissues during mastication which yields valid quantitative results was developed. Use of a specially designed diaphragm pressure transducer overcomes the disadvantages of a cantilever-beam arrangement which gave inaccurate results in earlier studies. On going research using this method was described.

Space, territory and psychiatry.

Space and territory have been the hidden dimensions of human and other animal life. Beginning with studies reported in animals, and incorporating the few formal studies and several informal observations of man, this paper explains the importance of mastering the unwritten rules of space and territory which differ with individual cultures in relation to the behavioral aberrations possibly resulting from the disrupted territoriality of modern urban life.

A case of recurrent subacute disseminated intravascular coagulation associated with malarial prophylaxis.

An adult male who twice presented with a sudden haemolytic anaemia and disseminated intravascular coagulation of uncertain aetiology is described. A possible causative agent common to both episodes is the breakdown product of pyrimethamine (Daraprim) and chlorguanide (Paludring). A very similar case has been attributed to penicillin sensitivety.