Mobile researchers, immobile data: Managing data (producers).

Scientific institutions have increasingly embraced formalized research data management strategies, which involve complex social practices of codifying the tacit dimensions of data practices. Several guidelines to facilitate these practices have been introduced in recent years, for example, the FAIR guiding principles. The aim of these practices is to foster transparency and reproducibility through 'data sharing,' the public release of data for unbounded reuse.

Toward equitable open research: stakeholder co-created recommendations for research institutions, funders and researchers.

Open Research aims to make research more accessible, transparent, reproducible, shared and collaborative. Doing so is meant to democratize and diversify access to knowledge and knowledge production, and ensure that research is useful outside of academic contexts. Increasing equity is therefore a key aim of the Open Research movement, yet mounting evidence demonstrates that the practices of Open Research are implemented in ways that undermine this.

Open science at the science-policy interface: bringing in the evidence?

Part of the current enthusiasm about open science stems from its promises to reform scientific practice in service of the common good, to ensure that scientific outputs will be found and reused more easily, and to enhance scientific impact on policy and society. With this article, we question this optimism by analysing the potential for open science practices to enhance research uptake at the science-policy interface. Science advice is critical to help policy-makers make informed decisions.

Dynamics of cumulative advantage and threats to equity in open science: a scoping review.

Open Science holds the promise to make scientific endeavours more inclusive, participatory, understandable, accessible and re-usable for large audiences. However, making processes open will not drive wide reuse or participation unless also accompanied by the capacity (in terms of knowledge, skills, financial resources, technological readiness and motivation) to do so. These capacities vary considerably across regions, institutions and demographics.

Peer review and preprint policies are unclear at most major journals.

Clear and findable publishing policies are important for authors to choose appropriate journals for publication. We investigated the clarity of policies of 171 major academic journals across disciplines regarding peer review and preprinting. 31.

Four- and Sixfold Tandem-Domino Reactions Leading to Dimeric Tetrasubstituted Alkenes Suitable as Molecular Switches.

A highly efficient palladium-catalyzed fourfold tandem-domino reaction consisting of two carbopalladation and two C-H-activation steps was developed for the synthesis of two types of tetrasubstituted alkenes 3 and 6 with intrinsic helical chirality starting from substrates 1 and 4, respectively. A sixfold tandem-domino reaction was also developed by including a Sonogashira reaction. 20 compounds with different substitution patterns were prepared with yields of up to 97 %.

Palladium-catalyzed direct C2-arylation of an N-heterocyclic carbene: an atom-economic route to mesoionic carbene ligands.

Blocking the C2 position of an imidazole-derived classical N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) with an aryl group is an essential strategy to establish a route to mesoionic carbenes (MICs), which coordinate to the metal via the C4 (or C5) carbon atom. An efficient catalytic route to MIC precursors by direct arylation of an NHC is reported. Treatment of 1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene (IPr) with an aryl iodide (RC6H4I) in the presence of 0.

Synthesis and structural investigation of R2Si (R = Me, Ph) bridged di-N-heterocyclic carbenes.

Functionalization of the C4 carbon of an imidazol-derived N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) may allow fine-tuning of the electronic and steric properties of the C2 carbene center. A facile route to silyl-functionalized di-N-heterocyclic carbenes (Di-NHCs) is described. Treatment of the polymeric lithiated NHC, {Li(IPrH)}n (1) (Li(IPrH) = {(N-2,6-iPr2C6H3)2CHCLi}C:) with a dichlorosilane affords monomeric silyl-functionalized Di-NHCs, R2Si(IPrH)2 (R = Ph, 2; Me, 3).

Facile access to silyl-functionalized N-heterocyclic olefins with HSiCl3.

N-heterocyclic olefins (NHOs), IPrCH2 (1) and SIPrCH2 (2) (IPrCH2 = {N(2,6-iPr2C6H3)CH}2CCH2 and SIPrCH2 = {N(2,6-iPr2C6H3)CH2}2CCH2), react with HSiCl3 and afford IPrCH(SiHCl2) (3) and SIPrCH(SiHCl2) (4), respectively. Compounds 3 and 4 have been isolated in almost quantitative yield. Interestingly, treatment of the silylene IPr·SiCl2 with 1 also affords 3, where silylene insertion into a C–H bond is observed.

Complementary therapy and support services for formal and informal caregivers in Italian palliative care hospices: an exploratory and descriptive study.

Purpose: The present study is aimed to assess the availability and use of complementary medicine (CM) therapies in Italian palliative care hospices, and the support services available to caregivers and hospice staff.

Methods: A national sample of 30 hospices meeting study criteria provided data by means of telephone interviews.

Results: All hospices offered spiritual assistance and at least one other form of CM, with the most common being massage therapy (n = 24) and relaxation therapy (n = 10).

Young novice driver subtypes: relationship to driving violations, errors and lapses.

The present study aimed to identify, in a large Italian sample of young, novice drivers, specific subtypes of drivers on the basis of combinations of self-reported personality traits (i.e., driving anger, anxiety, angry hostility, excitement-seeking, altruism, normlessness and driving locus of control) and to evaluate their high-risk driving behaviors not only in terms of traffic rule violations and risk-taking behaviors, but also in terms of driving errors and lapses as measured by the Manchester Driver Behavior Questionnaire.

Increased temperature enhances the antimicrobial effects of daptomycin, vancomycin, tigecycline, fosfomycin, and cefamandole on staphylococcal biofilms.

Implant-related infections are serious complications of trauma and orthopedic surgery and are most difficult to treat. The bacterial biofilms of 34 clinical Staphylococcus sp. isolates (Staphylococcus aureus, n = 14; coagulase-negative staphylococci, n = 19) were incubated with daptomycin (DAP; 5, 25, or 100 mg/liter), vancomycin (VAN; 5, 25, or 100 mg/liter), tigecycline (TGC; 1, 5, or 25 mg/liter), fosfomycin (FOM; 100, 250, or 1,000 mg/liter), and cefamandole (FAM; 50, 100, or 500 mg/liter) for 24 h at three different ambient temperatures: 35°C, 40°C, and 45°C.

Weight-based stigmatization, psychological distress, & binge eating behavior among obese treatment-seeking adults.

Objective: To evaluate the associations between weight-based stigmatization, psychological distress, and binge eating behavior in a treatment-seeking obese sample.

Methods: Ninety-three obese adults completed three questionnaires: 1) Stigmatizing Situations Inventory, 2) Brief Symptoms Inventory, and 3) Binge Eating Questionnaire. Correlational analyses were used to evaluate the association between stigmatizing experiences, psychological distress and binge eating behavior.

Effects of tigecycline, linezolid and vancomycin on biofilms of viridans streptococci isolates from patients with endocarditis.

Background: Endocarditis, and prosthetic valve endocarditis in particular, is a serious disease with high morbidity and mortality. We investigate the effects of tigecycline, linezolid and vancomycin on biofilms of viridans group streptococci (VGS) isolated from patients with definite native or prosthetic valve endocarditis.

Methods And Results: Ten of 20 VGS blood stream isolates from patients with endocarditis formed biofilms in the microtiter plate biofilm model.

Effects of alcohols, povidone-iodine and hydrogen peroxide on biofilms of Staphylococcus epidermidis.

Objectives: To test the effects of several biocides [N-propanol, a commercially available propanol/ethanol/chlorhexidine mixture, polyvinylpyrolidone (povidone-iodine) and hydrogen peroxide] on established biofilms of Staphylococcus epidermidis isolated from patients with cardiac implant infections and catheter-related bacteraemia.

Methods: Biofilms were grown in microtitre plates for 24 h, dyed and stained with Crystal Violet. The mean optical density (OD) and the OD ratio (ODr=OD of the treated biofilm/OD of the untreated biofilm) were used for quantification.

Weight stigmatization and ideological beliefs: relation to psychological functioning in obese adults.

Objective: This study evaluated the relation among weight-based stigmatization, ideological beliefs about weight, and psychological functioning in an obese, treatment-seeking sample.

Research Methods And Procedure: Ninety-three obese, treatment-seeking adults (24 men and 69 women) completed a battery of self-report questionnaires measuring psychological adjustment, attitudes about weight, belief in the controllability of weight, and the frequency of weight-based stigmatization.

Results: Weight-based stigmatization was a common experience for participants.

Viridans streptococci in endocarditis and neutropenic sepsis: biofilm formation and effects of antibiotics.

Objectives: Viridans group streptococci (VGS) are a frequent cause of bacterial endocarditis or sepsis in patients with neutropenia. Endocarditis in particular, is associated with plaque formation on the endocardium and valve leaflets whereas VGS septicaemia in neutropenic patients is caused by the influx of oral flora bacteria through mucositic lesions. This study examined the in vitro potency for biofilm formation of clinical VGS bloodstream isolates, and the effects of antibiotics on these biofilms.

The mediating effect of eating self-efficacy on the relationship between emotional arousal and overeating in the treatment-seeking obese.

In this study, we tested the proposition that the emotion-based eating of obese individuals is mediated by the effects of emotional arousal tendencies on brittle dieting self-restraint. Our indices of emotion-aroused eating, overeating, and brittle restraint were derived from a set of measures administered to 632 female and 254 male participants in a residential weight control and lifestyle change program. Mediation analyses indicated that (a) the relationship between positive emotion and overeating was entirely mediated by restraint tendencies and (b) the relationship between negative emotion eating and overeating was only partially mediated by brittle restraint.

Changing eating behavior: a preliminary study to consider broader measures of weight control treatment success.

This study evaluated changes in the self-reported eating behaviors (snacking, binge eating, portion sizes, and meal skipping) of 52 obese adults (33 women and 19 men) attending a residential weight loss facility on two consecutive occasions. For each of the eating patterns studied, subjects reported engaging in the behavior significantly less frequently at the time of their return visit. It is proposed that changes in eating behaviors provide a useful and appropriate nonweight based outcome measure for estimating treatment success in diet-seeking clients.

Frequency and virulence properties of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli in children with diarrhea in Gabon.

To investigate the presence of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli in Lambaréné, Gabon, 150 children with diarrhea were screened for enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC), enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), enteropathogenic E.

Body image partially mediates the relationship between obesity and psychological distress.

Objective: Body image is considered as a potential mediator of the relationship between obesity and psychological distress.

Research Methods And Procedures: One hundred ten men and women in a residential weight control facility completed the Multidimensional Body Self-Relations Questionnaire, the Beck Depression Inventory, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and the Binge Eating Scale.

Results: For both men and women, body-image satisfaction partially mediated the relationship between degree of overweight and depression/self-esteem.

Psychological symptoms are greater among weight cycling women with severe binge eating behavior.

Objective: To identify psychological characteristics and eating behaviors associated with weight cycling and binge eating behaviors in overweight women (body mass index > 27.3).

Design: Questionnaires measuring self-esteem, self-efficacy, coping strategies, psychological symptoms, depression, binge eating, restrained eating, disinhibition, and hunger were administered to female weight cyclers who were overweight.

Cerebral symptoms after whiplash injury of the neck: a prospective clinical and neuropsychological study of whiplash injury.

Twenty one unselected patients with an acute whiplash injury of the neck had neurological and neuropsychological assessment, cervical x rays, EEG, BAEP, MRI, and an otoneurological examination within two weeks of the injury. Subjectively, 13 patients reported concentration deficits, 18 reported sleep disturbances, 9 had symptoms of depression, and 7 female patients told of menstrual irregularities. Neuropsychological examination revealed significantly lower performance in tests related to attention and concentration compared to sex, age and educational matched control subjects.

Film quality in image intensifier photofluorography.

Three films of different sensitivity and grain size were tested in 70 mm image intensifier photofluorography. The radiographic exposure was kept constant, adaptation to the different film speeds being achieved by different settings of the camera diaphragm. Reduced film speed implied a greater number of object details being recorded.