Support after return to alcohol use: a mixed-methods study on how abstinence motivation and app use change after return to alcohol use in an app-based aftercare intervention for individuals with alcohol use disorder.

Background: As the return to alcohol use in individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD) is common during treatment and recovery, it is important that abstinence motivation is maintained after such critical incidences. Our study aims to explore how individuals with AUD participating in an app-based intervention with telephone coaching after inpatient treatment perceived their abstinence motivation after the return to alcohol use, whether their app use behavior was affected and to identify helpful factors to maintain abstinence motivation.

Methods: Using a mixed-methods approach, ten participants from the intervention group of the randomized controlled trial SmartAssistEntz who returned to alcohol use and recorded this in the app Appstinence, a smartphone application with telephone coaching designed for individuals with AUD, were interviewed about their experiences.

Attentional impulsivity accounts for the association of antisociality with craving and mental health problems in incarcerated individuals with substance dependence.

Purpose: Prisoners with substance use disorder (SUD) are at risk of mental health problems. Given the common co-occurring of psychopathic traits with SUDs, probably because of underlying impulsive traits (Ellingson , 2018), this study aims to examine the relation between psychopathy (impulsive antisociality and fearless dominance) and the functioning of incarcerated individuals with SUD. The authors investigated whether impulsivity (motor, nonplanning and attentional) can account for the relationship between one psychopathy facet (impulsive antisociality) and craving and mental health problems.

Pilot testing of an adaptive, individualized inhibitory control training for binge drinking: first evidence on feasibility, acceptance, and efficacy.

Background: Deficits in inhibitory control seem to promote habit behavior and therefore play an important role in the development and maintenance of addictive diseases. Although several training approaches have been suggested, there is a considerable lack of knowledge about the best way to improve inhibitory control. Based on a literature review regarding shortcomings of existing trainings, an individualized, adaptive inhibitory control training was developed.

App-based maintenance treatment for alcohol use disorder after acute inpatient treatment: Study protocol for a multicentre randomized controlled trial.

Background: Alcohol use disorder, a prevalent and disabling mental health problem, is often characterized by a chronic disease course. While effective inpatient and aftercare treatment options exist, the transferal of treatment success into everyday life is challenging and many patients remain without further assistance. App-based interventions with human guidance have great potential to support individuals after inpatient treatment, yet evidence on their efficacy remains scarce.

Lower Emotion Regulation Competencies Mediate the Association between Impulsivity and Craving during Alcohol Withdrawal Treatment.

There is evidence that craving mediates the relationship between Impulsive Personality Traits (IPTs) and relapse during the treatment of an Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD). To provide tailored interventions, a deeper understanding of the relation between IPTs and craving, namely mediating processes, is important. Based on previous literature, we proposed that lower emotion regulation competencies mediate the relation between attentional as well as non-planning IPTs and craving.

Association of impulsivity with quality of life and well-being after alcohol withdrawal treatment.

Objectives: Impulsivity is related to a higher risk of relapse in alcohol use disorders. However, besides drinking behavior, other recovery outcomes like physical and mental health-related quality of life are at least as important. The present study aimed to fill a research gap regarding the association of different impulsivity facets with health-related quality of life and well-being in alcohol use disorder.

Dyeless optical detection of ammonia in the gaseous phase using a pH-responsive polymer--characterization of the sorption process.

pH-responsive polymers enable the dyeless optical detection of acidic or basic pollutants in air. The characterization of the sorption process and the optimization of the response time of the sensitive layers were high-lighted. The swelling of a pH-responsive polysiloxane induced by sorption of gaseous ammonia was investigated by measurement techniques such as spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) and infrared spectroscopy (IR).

Extravascular circulation of lipoproteins: their role in reverse transport of cholesterol.

The transfer of lipoproteins out of plasma into peripheral tissues, their flow through the interstitium and their return to blood has been reviewed. In this context special emphasis has been given to reports dealing with the movement of lipoproteins into and out of the wall of arteries.

Gemfibrozil increases apolipoprotein A-I and cholesterol concentrations in human peripheral lymph.

Peripheral lymph lipoproteins were studied in four hyperlipidaemic men before and after 6 weeks of treatment with gemfibrozil, a drug which is known to increase the fractional catabolic rate of very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) by raising lipoprotein lipase activity in peripheral tissues. Decreases in plasma triglycerides of 18-60% (mean, 45%) were accompanied by increases in lymph apolipoprotein (apo) A-I concentration of 30-108% (mean, 66%; P < 0.01), and in lymph cholesterol concentration of 35-100% (mean, 59%; P < 0.

Variability of plasma apolipoprotein (apo) A-II levels associated with an apo A-II gene polymorphism in monozygotic twin pairs.

A dimorphic MspI RFLP (alleles M1 and M2) in an Alu unit 528 base pairs downstream from the apolipoprotein A-II gene on chromosome 1 was investigated for associations with dyslipoproteinaemia or coronary atherosclerosis. No significant differences were observed between the allele frequencies in healthy random controls (M2 = 0.850, n = 70) and patients with primary hypertriglyceridaemia (M2 = 0.

Human peripheral lymph lipoproteins are enriched in sphingomyelin.

The concentrations of total choline-containing phospholipids and of sphingomyelin have been determined in peripheral lymph from six volunteers. The concentration in lymph of total phospholipids was 14.6 +/- 6.

Lipoproteins of human peripheral lymph. Apolipoprotein AI-containing lipoprotein with alpha-2 electrophoretic mobility.

Evidence from diverse sources has implicated a central role of apolipoprotein AI (apo AI), the most abundant protein of plasma high-density lipoproteins, in the transport of cholesterol from peripheral tissues to the liver (reverse cholesterol transport). Particles containing only apo AI appear to be more effective as cholesterol acceptors in tissue culture than do particles which also contain apo AII. The apo AI-containing lipoproteins of plasma have been extensively studied, but there is less information on those in tissue fluids, to which most peripheral cells are exposed.

Lipoproteins of human peripheral lymph.

The concentration of cholesterol in peripheral lymph is roughly one tenth of that in the blood plasma of the same subject. In lymph, there is virtually no very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), probably due to low permeability of the vascular endothelium for particles of this size. More than 95% of apo B-containing lipoproteins of lymph have the density of plasma low density lipoproteins (LDL).

The concentration of apolipoprotein A-II in human peripheral lymph.

The concentration of apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) and of apolipoprotein A-II (apoA-II) was determined immunoelectrophoretically in lymph and plasma of six subjects. The concentration in lymph of apoA-I was 20.3 +/- 3.

Urine concentrations of apolipoprotein AI in renal tubular proteinuria.

To test the hypothesis that a significant proportion of apolipoprotein AI (apoAI) metabolism occurs through glomerular filtration of free apoAI in serum and subsequent renal tubular metabolism, we have examined the urine concentration of apoAI in three situations in which proximal tubular reabsorption of another protein metabolized in this manner and retinol-binding protein (RBP) was impaired. Following infusion of a cross-linked gelatin polymer (Haemaccel) in four normal subjects, urine RBP excretion (normally about 100 micrograms/L), was between 14 and 46 mg/L, while urine apoAI excretion was less than 0.5 mg/L.

Human lymphedema fluid lipoproteins: particle size, cholesterol and apolipoprotein distributions, and electron microscopic structure.

The concentration of cholesterol, apolipoproteins A-I, B, and E has been determined in lymphedema fluid from nine patients with chronic primary lymphedema. The concentrations were: 38.14 +/- 21.

The distribution of cholesterol and apoprotein A-I between the lipoproteins in plasma and peripheral lymph from normal human subjects.

The lipoproteins of peripheral lymph and plasma from normal human subjects were separated according to their density by sequential ultracentrifugation and according to their size by gradient gel electrophoresis and gel exclusion chromatography. High density lipoproteins (HDL) carried a higher proportion of the total cholesterol in lymph than in plasma. Within the HDL fraction, the less dense and more lipid-rich component (HDL2) carried a higher proportion of the total HDL cholesterol in lymph than in plasma.

Comparison of apoprotein B of low density lipoproteins of human interstitial fluid and plasma.

Virtually all apoprotein B (apoB)-containing lipoproteins of the peripheral interstitial fluid of subjects with primary lymphoedema float in the ultracentrifugal field in the density interval 1.019-1.063 g/ml; in this respect they are similar to plasma low-density lipoproteins (LDL).

Effects of starvation and plasma exchange on lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase activity and cholesterol efflux in cholesterol-fed pigs.

The effects of starvation and of plasma exchange with a cholesterol-free substitute on efflux of tissue cholesterol and on lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activity in plasma and peripheral lymph were investigated in two pigs fed a cholesterol diet for 3-4 months. The pigs were labelled with i.v.

Apoprotein B of lipoprotein(a) of human plasma.

Lipoprotein(a) was purified by agarose-gel chromatography from human plasma from which lipoproteins of Sf greater than 0 had been removed either by sequential or by density-gradient ultracentrifugation. After delipidation, the apoprotein B of this lipoprotein was analysed by sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. It could not be distinguished from the apoprotein B of low-density lipoproteins (rho 1.

Further evidence for the role of high density lipoprotein in the removal of tissue cholesterol in vivo.

The lipoproteins of human peripheral lymph and plasma were separated according to particle size by polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis. All samples of lymph contained lipoproteins that moved to the same positions on the gel as plasma LDL and plasma HDL. Some samples of lymph also contained lipoproteins with the mobility of VLDL and IDL.

The concentration of apolipoprotein A-I in human peripheral lymph.

The concentration of apolipoprotein A-I in peripheral lymph of eight apparently healthy subjects has been determined by quantitative immunoelectrophoresis. Under steady-state conditions the average concentration of this apolipoprotein in lymph was 15.9 +/- 3.