Photostable NIR-II Pigments from Extended Rylenecarboximides.

A series of near-infrared (NIR) organic absorbers, named FNs and FPs, have been obtained with absorption maxima from 870 nm to 1100 nm and thus falling into the attractive second near-infrared region (NIR-II). The synthesis of their extended aromatic cores utilized an initial aryl-amination between 4-aminonaphthalene-1,8-dicarboximide (NMI-NH ) or 9-aminoperylene-3,4-dicarboximide (PMI-NH ) with chloro-substituted 9,10-anthraquinones followed by a novel base-induced cyclodehydrogenation. A NIR-II pigment, compound FPP, was obtained through de-alkylation of a soluble precursor.

Helically Twisted Nanoribbons Based on Emissive Near-Infrared Responsive Quaterrylene Bisimides.

Graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) have the potential for next-generation functional devices. So far, GNRs with defined stereochemistry are rarely reported in literature and their optical response is usually bound to the ultraviolet or visible spectral region, while covering the near-infrared (NIR) regime is still challenging. Herein, we report two novel quaterrylene bisimides with either one- or twofold-twisted π-backbones enabled by the steric congestion of a fourfold arylation leading to an end-to-end twist of up to 76°.

Structures of the 2-nitrophenol alkali complexes in solution and the solid state.

The materials studied in this investigation were aqueous solutions (0.02-25.0 mM) of the salts of alkali metal ion (Me(+)) and 2-nitrophenol (2-NP).

Parallel bulk-heterojunction solar cell by electrostatically driven phase separation.

Thermal co-evaporation of C(60) fullerene and two merocyanine dyes affords bulk heterojunction solar cells with improved short-circuit currents and power conversion efficiencies in comparison with the respective single donor cells. These results are rationalized by the formation of three distinct subphases driven by differences in molecular shape and electrostatic interactions.

Studies on structures of lipid A-monophosphate clusters.

Single crystalline clusters of lipid A-monophosphate were grown from organic dispersions containing 5-15% (v/v) water at various volume fractions, φ, and temperatures. The morphology of the single lipid A-monophosphate crystals was either rhombohedral or hexagonal. The hexagonal crystals were needlelike or cylindrical in shape, with the long dimension parallel to the c axis of the unit cell.

CD34+ and CD133+ Primitive Stem Cell Expression in Peripheral Blood: Considering Gender, Age, and Smoking.

BACKGROUND: The number of primitive progenitor cells (pPC) in healthy individuals, in correlation to age, gender, and smoking status, has not yet been thoroughly elucidated. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The pPC from a collective of 168 healthy blood donors aged 18-61 years was investigated using flow cytometric analysis. In addition, the pPC of 20 subjects were studied once a month for half a year to determine the extent of physiological variation of pPC within a single individual.

Nucleation of calcium carbonate as polymorphic crystals in the presence of lipid A-diphosphate.

The well-defined structure of lipid A-diphosphate in aqueous solutions provides a way of observing the formation of calcium carbonate crystals. The crystals are either tetrahedral or rhombohedral calcite at a volume fraction of phi = 5.4 x 10 (-4) at pH 5.

The phase diagram of charged colloidal lipid A-diphosphate dispersions.

Small-angle X-ray-scattering, light-scattering, and electron microscope experiments were used to determine the phase transitions of colloidal lipid A-diphosphate aqueous dispersions. The phases detected were a correlated liquid phase, a face-centered cubic (Fd3m) and a body-centered cubic (Im3m) colloidal crystal phase and a new glass phase. These experimentally determined phases were shown to be in accord with theoretically predicted equilibrium phases.

Ordering of lipid A-monophosphate clusters in aqueous solutions.

In this investigation, a study of the self-assembly of electrostatically stabilized aqueous dispersions of nanometric lipid A-monophosphate clusters from Escherichia coli was carried out in three different volume-fraction regimes. The experimental techniques used in the investigation were osmotic pressure, static and quasielastic light scattering, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, and small-angle x-ray scattering. Experiments were carried out at low ionic strength (I=0.

Elusive forms and structures of N-hydroxyphthalimide: the colorless and yellow crystal forms of N-hydroxyphthalimide.

A comprehensive structural characterization of the colorless and yellow forms of N-hydroxyphthalimide (NHP), the deuterated form (NDP), and the ethoxylated form (ethoxy-NHP) has been carried out using single-crystal X-ray diffraction, FTIR and Raman spectroscopies, and scanning electron microscopy. Both NHP and NDP forms crystallize in the monoclinic space group (P21/c, No. 14).

The liquidlike ordering of lipid A-diphosphate colloidal crystals: the influence of Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, and K+ on the ordering of colloidal suspensions of lipid A-diphosphate in aqueous solutions.

A comprehensive study was performed on electrostatically stabilized aqueous dispersion of lipid A-diphosphate in the presence of bound Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, and Na+ ions at low ionic strength (0.10-10.0-mM NaCl, 25 degrees C) over a range of volume fraction of 1.

Fast perfluorocarbon imaging using 19F U-FLARE.

The application of an ultra-fast low angle RARE technique for the 19F imaging of perfluorocarbons (PFCs) used as temporary blood substitutes is described. This sequence is attractive for fast 19F imaging studies that measure the biodistribution of PFCs in vivo, due to its high signal-to-noise ratio. Extensions of this technique for the chemical shift selective measurement of fluorine T1 values are presented.

Phospholipid vesiculated fluorocarbons--promising trend in blood substitutes.

Dispersions of fluorocarbons (PFC's) made with phospholipids have unusual properties, e.g. very high stability, due to the formation of thermodynamically stable vesicles.

Blood substitutes made on the basis of perfluorocarbons inhibit intracellular energy generation.

Although perfluorocarbons (PFC) are chemically inert, toxic reactions are observed on using them as fluorocarbon emulsions in blood substitutes. Six to twelve hours after exchanging about half of the circulating blood of conscious rats pathobiochemical reactions occur despite a high interarterial oxygen pressure. They indicate the disturbance of intracellular energy generation, which is characterized by a decrease in ATP, increase in ADP, inorganic phosphate and potassium, increase in NADH and lactate.

Interaction of beta-carboline with chick embryo spontaneous motility.

The effect of beta-carboline (beta-CCE) on spontaneous motility and its development was studied in chick embryos between the 11th and 19th day of incubation. 1. Acutely administered beta-CCE (7.

[Rheological behavior of blood substitutes with a perfluorocarbon base].

Oxygen uptake and desoxygenation in blood take place in the capillary system of the organism so that flow characteristics of blood substitutes should be adapted to that of microcirculation. Therefore, appropriate viscosity of blood substitutes is required. In addition to this, studies on the viscosity of blood substitutes made on the basis of perfluorocarbons are also of interest for considering the deemulsificability during circulation.

[The standardization of colloid osmotic pressure of blood substitutes with a perfluorocarbon base].

Besides a number of other characteristic features the colloidal osmotic pressure of blood substitutes is of importance, since it regulates the physiological balance between the intra- and extravascular fluid content. The colloidal osmotic pressure in blood is determined predominantly by the albumin fraction. The entropy increase on diluting albumin which, can't pass semipermeable vascular walls of the intravascular substances are used in blood substitutes to maintain the colloidal osmotic pressure.

[The toxicity of surface-active substances for emulsifying perfluorocarbon compounds as components of blood substitute preparations].

Perfluorocarbons are insoluble in water. For being used as oxygen carriers in blood substitutes they therefore have to be emulsified. Using surfactants in the living organism a compromise on the emulsifying effect and toxicity is to be made, since good emulsifiers do also affect biological membranes.

[The dynamics of bone apposition in different animal species--a comparative study].

The time of the bone apposition was compared in rats, rabbits and guinea pigs with the aid of enzyme-activity measurements, determination of the proportion of minerals and the judgment of the cell generation. For this intention a defect was made in the distal femur epiphyses at the three species. The animals were observed for a term of 15 weeks.

[Efficacy of Pygeum africanum extract in the medical therapy of urination disorders due to benign prostatic hyperplasia: evaluation of objective and subjective parameters. A placebo-controlled double-blind multicenter study].

The efficacy of an extract of Pygeum africanum in the treatment of micturitional disorders due to benign prostatic hyperplasia was tested in a multicentre double-blind trial versus placebo. Capsules containing 50 mg of Pygeum africanum extract or placebo were administered at a dosage of 1 capsule in the morning and 1 capsule in the evening over a period of 60 days. 263 patients were included in this study, which was carried out in 8 centres in Germany, France, and Austria.

[Bilateral symmetrical obliteration syndrome of the subclavian-brachial system in the elderly female].

The case of an elderly woman is reported, presenting with a bilateral-symmetrical occlusive disease of the subclavian-brachialis-axis in combination with Horton's arteriitis. Early intraarterial thrombolysis may be an appropriate first-line treatment to favourably influence complicated coagulation phenomena.

[The place of nuclear medicine procedures in clarifying the state of gastrointestinal bleeding--radionuclide monitoring].

Radionuclide studies today can specify the actual state of gastrointestinal bleeding. "Radionuclide monitoring" characterises a method that allows a long-term surveillance of the patient for hours or even days (sequential scintigraphy). Labelling of the intravasal space is best met by in vivo/vitro labelling of the red blood cells with 99mTc, "Radionuclide monitoring" may positively influence current concepts of diagnosis or treatment control of patients suffering from gastrointestinal bleeding.

[Schwannomas of the stomach].

One benign and one malignant schwannoma of the stomach are presented. The gross appearance, degree of local invasion and the complications are demonstrated by double-contrast radiology technique and CT. Benign schwannomas can only be distinguished from the malignant ones on the basis of histological and immunohistochemical criteria.

[Abscess of the cervical soft tissues and the mediastinum resulting from an infected jaw cyst].

A woman is described in whom an infected radicular cyst of the mandible resulted in a cervical phlegmon with abscess formation and spreading into the superior mediastinum.