Fluoromethyl Triflate and Fluoromethyl Fluorosulfonate: Easily Accessible and Powerful Fluoromethylation Reagents.

Fluoromethyl triflate (superfluoromethyl, SFM, FHCOSOCF) and fluoromethyl fluorosulfonate (magic fluoromethyl, MFM, FHCOSOF) are two easily synthesized, highly effective and non-ozone depleting fluoromethylation reagents. They are analogous to the well-known and widely used methylation reagents HCOSOCF and HCOSOF. Both SFM and MFM have been fully characterized by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy (H, C, O, F, S).

ALBA proteins facilitate cytoplasmic YTHDF-mediated reading of m6A in Arabidopsis.

N6-methyladenosine (mA) exerts many of its regulatory effects on eukaryotic mRNAs by recruiting cytoplasmic YT521-B homology-domain family (YTHDF) proteins. Here, we show that in Arabidopsis thaliana, the interaction between mA and the major YTHDF protein ECT2 also involves the mRNA-binding ALBA protein family. ALBA and YTHDF proteins physically associate via a deeply conserved short linear motif in the intrinsically disordered region of YTHDF proteins and their mRNA target sets overlap, with ALBA4 binding sites being juxtaposed to mA sites.

The first outbreak of Lumpy Skin Disease in Indonesia.

This study describes the first outbreak of Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD) in cattle in the Bengkalis region, Indonesia, and vaccination to control the epidemic. Data on the outbreak and vaccination was obtained from the local veterinary authority of the Bengkalis region, Indonesia. Climatological data was provided by the Meteorological, Climatological, and Geophysical Agency of Riau Province.

GRK specificity and Gβγ dependency determines the potential of a GPCR for arrestin-biased agonism.

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are mainly regulated by GPCR kinase (GRK) phosphorylation and subsequent β-arrestin recruitment. The ubiquitously expressed GRKs are classified into cytosolic GRK2/3 and membrane-tethered GRK5/6 subfamilies. GRK2/3 interact with activated G protein βγ-subunits to translocate to the membrane.

Revealing the Arabidopsis AtGRP7 mRNA binding proteome by specific enhanced RNA interactome capture.

Background: The interaction of proteins with RNA in the cell is crucial to orchestrate all steps of RNA processing. RNA interactome capture (RIC) techniques have been implemented to catalogue RNA- binding proteins in the cell. In RIC, RNA-protein complexes are stabilized by UV crosslinking in vivo.

Interleukin-16 is increased in dialysis patients but is not a cardiovascular risk factor.

Oxalate, a uremic toxin that accumulates in dialysis patients, is associated with cardiovascular disease. As oxalate crystals can activate immune cells, we tested the hypothesis that plasma oxalate would be associated with cytokine concentrations and cardiovascular outcomes in dialysis patients. In a cohort of 104 US patients with kidney failure requiring dialysis (cohort 1), we measured 21 inflammatory markers.

Paradoxical effect of anti-inflammatory drugs on IL-6 mRNA expression in patients with PTSD during treatment.

The pathophysiology of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with the activation of the innate immune system, including cytokines like interleukin 6 (IL-6). However, the role of IL-6 in the etiology and treatment of PTSD still remains elusive. We conducted a prospective controlled trial to investigate the development of IL-6 during psychosomatic treatment in individuals with PTSD in comparison with individuals without PTSD.

Evidence for an RNAi-independent role of Arabidopsis DICER-LIKE2 in growth inhibition and basal antiviral resistance.

Flowering plant genomes encode four or five DICER-LIKE (DCL) enzymes that produce small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and microRNAs, which function in RNA interference (RNAi). Different RNAi pathways in plants effect transposon silencing, antiviral defense, and endogenous gene regulation. DCL2 acts genetically redundantly with DCL4 to confer basal antiviral defense.

Mapping protein-RNA binding in plants with individual-nucleotide-resolution UV cross-linking and immunoprecipitation (plant iCLIP2).

Despite crucial roles of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) in plant physiology and development, methods for determining their transcriptome-wide binding landscape are less developed than those used in other model organisms. Cross-linking and immunoprecipitation (CLIP) methods (based on UV-mediated generation of covalent bonds between RNAs and cognate RBPs in vivo, purification of the cross-linked complexes and identification of the co-purified RNAs by high-throughput sequencing) have been applied mainly in mammalian cells growing in monolayers or in translucent tissue. We have developed plant iCLIP2, an efficient protocol for performing individual-nucleotide-resolution CLIP (iCLIP) in plants, tailored to overcome the experimental hurdles posed by plant tissue.

Arabidopsis thaliana GLYCINE RICH RNA-BINDING PROTEIN 7 interaction with its iCLIP target LHCB1.1 correlates with changes in RNA stability and circadian oscillation.

The importance of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) for plant responses to environmental stimuli and development is well documented. Insights into the portfolio of RNAs they recognize, however, clearly lack behind the understanding gathered in non-plant model organisms. Here, we characterize binding of the circadian clock-regulated Arabidopsis thaliana GLYCINE-RICH RNA-BINDING PROTEIN 7 (AtGRP7) to its target transcripts.

A YTHDF-PABP interaction is required for m A-mediated organogenesis in plants.

N6-methyladenosine (m A) in mRNA is key to eukaryotic gene regulation. Many m A functions involve RNA-binding proteins that recognize m A via a YT521-B Homology (YTH) domain. YTH domain proteins contain long intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) that may mediate phase separation and interaction with protein partners, but whose precise biochemical functions remain largely unknown.

Twitter trends in #Parasitology determined by text mining and topic modelling.

This study investigated the emergence and use of Twitter, as of July 2023 being rebranded as X, as the main forum for social media communication in parasitology. A dataset of tweets was constructed using a keyword search of Twitter with the search terms 'malaria', ', '', '', '' and '' for the period from 2011 to 2020. Exploratory data analyses of tweet content were conducted, including language, usernames and hashtags.

Comparative Analysis of the Prevalence of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus in Cattle Populations Based on Detection Methods: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Infectious diseases of cattle, including bovine viral diarrhea (BVD), pose a significant health threat to the global livestock industry. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and risk factors associated with bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infections in cattle populations through a systematic review and meta-analysis. PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were systematically searched for relevant articles reporting the prevalence of and associated risk factors in studies published between 1 January 2000 and 3 February 2023.

Conformational flexibility of β-arrestins - How these scaffolding proteins guide and transform the functionality of GPCRs.

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) constitute the largest family of transmembrane proteins and play a crucial role in regulating diverse cellular functions. They transmit their signaling via binding to intracellular signal transducers and effectors, such as G proteins, GPCR kinases, and β-arrestins. To influence specific GPCR signaling behaviors, β-arrestins recruit effectors to form larger signaling complexes.

Strikingly conserved gene expression changes of polyamine regulating enzymes among various forms of acute and chronic kidney injury.

The polyamines spermidine and spermine and their common precursor molecule putrescine are involved in tissue injury and repair. Here, we test the hypothesis that impaired polyamine homeostasis contributes to various kidney pathologies in mice during experimental models of ischemia-reperfusion, transplantation, rhabdomyolysis, cyclosporine treatment, arterial hypertension, diabetes, unilateral ureteral obstruction, high oxalate feeding, and adenine-induced injuries. We found a remarkably similar pattern in most kidney pathologies with reduced expression of enzymes involved in polyamine synthesis together with increased expression of polyamine degrading enzymes.

Immunotherapy targeting plasma ASM is protective in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.

Acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) has been implicated in neurodegenerative disease pathology, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the specific role of plasma ASM in promoting these pathologies is poorly understood. Herein, we explore plasma ASM as a circulating factor that accelerates neuropathological features in AD by exposing young APP/PS1 mice to the blood of mice overexpressing ASM, through parabiotic surgery.

Industrial-Scale Cleaning Solutions for the Reduction of Toxins in Maize.

Grain cleaning is the most effective non-destructive post-harvest mitigation strategy to reduce high levels of mycotoxins on account of the removal of mold-infected grains and grain fractions with high mycotoxin content. In this study, the reduction in the concentration of some co-occurring toxins in maize, namely deoxynivalenol (DON), zearalenone (ZEA) and fumonisins B1 and B2 (FBs), was evaluated at an industrial-scale level by mechanical removal (sieving and density separation) of dust, coarse, small, broken, shriveled and low-density kernels and/or optical sorting of defected kernels. Samples were dynamically collected according to the Commission Regulation No.

β-arrestin1 and 2 exhibit distinct phosphorylation-dependent conformations when coupling to the same GPCR in living cells.

β-arrestins mediate regulatory processes for over 800 different G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) by adopting specific conformations that result from the geometry of the GPCR-β-arrestin complex. However, whether β-arrestin1 and 2 respond differently for binding to the same GPCR is still unknown. Employing GRK knockout cells and β-arrestins lacking the finger-loop-region, we show that the two isoforms prefer to associate with the active parathyroid hormone 1 receptor (PTH1R) in different complex configurations ("hanging" and "core").

Identification of Pri-miRNA Stem-Loop Interacting Proteins in Plants Using a Modified Version of the Csy4 CRISPR Endonuclease.

Regulation at the RNA level by RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) is key to coordinating eukaryotic gene expression. In plants, the importance of miRNAs is highlighted by severe developmental defects in mutants impaired in miRNA biogenesis. MiRNAs are processed from long primary-microRNAs (pri-miRNAs) with internal stem-loop structures by endonucleolytic cleavage.

Mycotoxin Analysis of Grain via Dust Sampling: Review, Recent Advances and the Way Forward: The Contribution of the MycoKey Project.

The sampling protocols for the official control of the levels of mycotoxins in foodstuffs are very costly and time-consuming. More efforts are needed to implement alternative sampling plans able to support official control, or to adapt the current ones. The aim of the research carried out within the European Horizon 2020 MycoKey project was to evaluate the applicability at industrial scale of the dust sampling approach to detect multiple mycotoxins in grains.

Breaking strength and bone microarchitecture in osteoporosis: a biomechanical approximation based on load tests in 104 human vertebrae from the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spines of 13 body donors.

Background: The purpose of the study was to investigate associations between biomechanical resilience (failure load, failure strength) and the microarchitecture of cancellous bone in the vertebrae of human cadavers with low bone density with or without vertebral fractures (VFx).

Methods: Spines were removed from 13 body donors (approval no. A 2017-0072) and analyzed in regard to bone mineral density (BMD), Hounsfield units (HU), and fracture count (Fx) with the aid of high-resolution CT images.

Bulboma: A Benign Keratosis With Differentiation Toward the Lower Segment of the Hair Follicle.

Bulboma is an appellation proposed to designate a distinctive solitary keratosis exhibiting differentiation toward the bulb of the lower segment of the hair follicle. Bulboma is composed of a papillated proliferation of epithelial cells beneath which is a broad front of interconnected follicular papillae. Overlying these coalescing follicular papillae are follicular germinative cells ascending into matrical cells and supramatrical cells.