The active form of vitamin D (calcitriol) promotes CXCR5 expression during follicular helper T cell differentiation.

Follicular helper T (Tfh) cells promote B cell differentiation and antibody production in the B cell follicles of secondary lymphoid organs. Tfh cells express their signature transcription factor BCL6, interleukin (IL)-21, and surface molecules including inducible T cell costimulator (ICOS), programmed cell death-1 (PD-1), and C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 5 (CXCR5). Migration of Tfh cells to B cell follicles largely depends on the CXCR5 expression induced by interactions with antigen-presenting dendritic cells in the T cell area.

Release from persistent T cell receptor engagement and blockade of aryl hydrocarbon receptor activity enhance IL-6-dependent mouse follicular helper T-like cell differentiation in vitro.

Follicular helper T (Tfh) cells are crucial for humoral immunity. Dysregulation of Tfh cell differentiation can cause infectious, allergic, and autoimmune diseases. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying Tfh cell differentiation, we attempted to establish an in vitro mouse model of Tfh cell differentiation in the absence of other cell types.

(4-Eth-oxy-benzo-yl)[8-(4-eth-oxy-benzo-yl)-2,7-di-meth-oxy-naphthalen-1-yl]methanone.

The title mol-ecule, C30H28O6, possesses crystallographically imposed twofold symmetry, with two central C atoms in the naphthalene unit lying on the rotation axis along [001]. The 4-eth-oxy-benzoyl groups at the peri positions of the naphthalene ring system are disordered over two sets of sites with occupancies of 0.769 (4) and 0.

Bis(1-benzoyl-7-meth-oxy-naphthalen-2-yl) terephthalate.

The title molecule, C44H30O8, lies about a crystallographic inversion centre located at the centre of the central benzene ring. The benzene rings in the benzoyl and the terephthalate units make dihedral angles of 67.05 (7)° and 57.

1,8-Bis(4-fluoro-benzo-yl)naphthalen-2,7-diyl dimethane-sulfonate.

The mol-ecule of the title compound, C26H18F2O8S2, lies across a crystallographic twofold rotation axis. The benzene rings of the 4-fluorobenzoyl groups make dihedral angles of 78.93 (12)° with the naphthalene ring system.

(2,7-Dimeth-oxy-naphthalen-1-yl)(4-phen-oxy-phen-yl)methanone.

In the title mol-ecule, C25H20O4, the naphthalene and phen-oxy groups are oriented nearly perpendicular with respect to the benzene ring of the benzoyl group, with dihedral angles of 89.61 (5) and 86.13 (6)°, respectively.

(8-Benzoyl-2,7-dimeth-oxy-naphthalen-1-yl)(4-phen-oxy-phen-yl)methanone.

In the mol-ecule of the title compound, C32H24O5, the benzoyl group and the 4-phenoxy substituted benzoyl group at the 1- and 8-positions of the naphthalene ring system are aligned almost anti-parallel. The two benzene rings make a dihedral angle of 21.18 (10)°, and are inclined to the naphthalene ring system by 86.

(2,7-Dimeth-oxy-naphthalen-1-yl)(4-meth-oxy-phen-yl)methanone.

In the mol-ecule of the title compound, C20H18O4, the dihedral angle between the naphthalene ring system and the benzene ring is 81.74 (5)°. An inter-molecular C-H⋯O inter-action is formed between an H atom at the 6-position of the naphthalene ring and the O atom of the meth-oxy group at the 7-position.

[2,7-Dimeth-oxy-8-(4-meth-oxy-benzo-yl)naphthalen-1-yl](4-meth-oxy-phen-yl)methanone chloro-form monosolvate.

In the title compound, C28H24O6·CHCl3, the two 4-meth-oxy-benzoyl groups at the 1- and 8-positions of the naphthalene ring system are aligned almost anti-parallel, the benzene rings making a dihedral angle of 25.76 (7)°. The naphthalene ring system makes dihedral angles of 72.

{2,7-Dimeth-oxy-8-[4-(2-methyl-prop-yl)benzo-yl]naphthalen-1-yl}[4-(2-methyl-prop-yl)phen-yl]methanone.

In the mol-ecule of the title compound, C34H36O4, the two 4-isobutyl-benzoyl groups at the 1- and 8-positions of the naphthalene ring system are aligned almost anti-parallel, and the benzene rings make a dihedral angle of 21.59 (7)°. The dihedral angles between the benzene rings and the naphthalene ring system are 69.

1-Benzoyl-naphthalene-2,7-diyl dibenzoate.

In the title compound, C(31)H(20)O(5), the phenyl rings of the benzo-yloxy and benzoyl groups are twisted away from the naphthalene ring system by 64.27 (6), 73.62 (5) and 80.

[2,7-Dimeth-oxy-8-(4-propyl-benzo-yl)naphthalen-1-yl](4-propyl-phen-yl)methanone.

In the title compound, C(32)H(32)O(4), the 4-propyl-benzoyl groups at the 1- and 8-positions of the naphthalene ring system are aligned almost anti-parallel, and their benzene rings make a dihedral angle of 8.64 (10)°. The dihedral angles between the naphthalene ring system and the benzene rings are 69.

1,8-Dibenzoyl-naph-tha-lene-2,7-diyl dibenzoate.

In the title compound, C(38)H(24)O(6), the phenyl rings of the benzoyl and benzo-yloxy groups make dihedral angles of 67.12 (5), 85.15 (5), 76.

[Can industrial laundry remove Bacillus cereus from hospital linen?].

Contaminated hospital linen has caused some cases of Bacillus cereus bacteremia in Japan. We analyzed the disinfection efficacy of industrial washing of hospital towels and sheets by counting the number of B. cereus on linen before and after washing.