Label-free electrochemical detection of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and C-reactive protein (CRP) to predict the maturation of coronary heart disease due to diabetes.

The pathophysiological link between diabetes and heightened propensity for the development of coronary heart disease (CHD) is well-established. Prevailing evidence confirms that small increases in low concentrations of high-sensitivity C reactive protein (hs-CRP) in the human body can determine the tendency of developing CHD. Additionally, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is a well-recognized biomarker to evaluate diabetes progression.