Integrating Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy and Ensemble Learning as Minimally Invasive Optical Screening for Diabetes.

Diabetes mellitus is a prevalent chronic disease necessitating timely identification for effective management. This paper introduces a reliable, straightforward, and efficient method for the minimally invasive identification of diabetes mellitus through nanosecond pulsed laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) by integrating a state-of-the-art machine learning approach. LIBS spectra were collected from urine samples of diabetic and healthy individuals.

Biomimetic strategies for the deputization of proteoglycan functions.

Proteoglycans (PGs), which have glycosaminoglycan chains attached to their protein cores, are essential for maintaining the morphology and function of healthy body tissues. Extracellular PGs perform various functions, classified into the following four categories: i) the modulation of tissue mechanical properties; ii) the regulation and protection of the extracellular matrix; iii) protein sequestration; and iv) the regulation of cell signaling. The depletion of PGs may significantly impair tissue function, encompassing compromised mechanical characteristics and unregulated inflammatory responses.

Utilizing machine learning algorithms for precise discrimination of glycosuria in fluorescence spectroscopic data.

Fluorescence spectroscopy coupled with a random forest machine learning algorithm offers a promising non-invasive approach for diagnosing glycosuria, a condition characterized by excess sugar in the urine of diabetic patients. This study investigated the ability of this method to differentiate between diabetic and healthy control urine samples. Fluorescent spectra were captured from urine samples using a Xenon arc lamp emitting light within the 200 to 950 nm wavelength range, with consistent fluorescence emission observed at 450 nm under an excitation wavelength of 370 nm.

Fabrication of nano filler doped PVA/starch biodegradable composites with enhanced thermal conduction, water barrier and antimicrobial performance for food industry.

In this work there was investigated the synergistic effect of the nanomaterials-the Montmorillonite (MMT) and the vanadium pentoxide (VO) on the polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/starch composite. The composite films were prepared by the solvent casting method. The characterization of the composites showed that the addition of the MMT and the VO to PVA/starch composite decreased the water solubility and water absorption capacity of the film.

Spectrochemical Analysis of Nutritional and Toxic Metals in Different Brands of Candies Using Advanced Diagnostic Approaches.

Candies are frequently consumed sweetened food products among children, and their consumption can expose them to potential toxins and contamination. The present study employed calibration-free-laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (CF-LIBS) as a steadfast diagnostic technique to analyze the presence of nutritional and heavy metals in candies from various brands available in local markets in Haripur, Pakistan. A pulsed Nd-YAG laser was used to create a microplasma on the target surface.

Effect of mineral-vitamin premix supplementation on behavioral, performance, hormonal, oxidative stress, and serum biochemical profiles on rutting male in Egypt.

Introduction: The rutting period imposes a stressful condition on male camels, which results in elevated serum cortisol levels and alterations in their sexual behavior. Therefore, the current work was carried out to investigate the effect of mineral-vitamin premix supplementation on behavior, reproductive performance, hormones, serum oxidative stress profile, and other serum biochemical parameters of during the breeding season.

Methods: Fourteen mature, fertile male were divided into two groups, a control group ( = 7) and a mineral-vitamin premix group ( = 7).

Genetic effects of chemically and biosynthesized titanium dioxide nanoparticles and of female rats and their fetuses.

With the increase in nanoparticles (NPs) products on the market, the possibility of animal and human exposure to these materials will increase. The smaller size of NPs facilitates their entrance through placental barriers and allows them to accumulate in embryonic tissue, where they can then be a source of different developmental malformations. Several toxicity studies with chemically synthesized titanium dioxide NPs (CTiO NPs) have been recently carried out; although there is insufficient data on exposure to biosynthesized titanium dioxide NPs (BTiO NPs) during pregnancy, the study aimed to evaluate the ability of an eco-friendly biosynthesis technique using garlic extract against maternal and fetal genotoxicities, which could result from repeated exposure to TiO NPs during gestation days (GD) 6-19.

Risk assessment of toxic residues among some freshwater and marine water fish species.

Egypt has several beaches, as well as the Nile River and a few lakes; therefore, it could compensate for the lack of protein in red meat with fish. Fish, however, may become a source of heavy metal exposure in humans. The current study was to assess the level of five toxic metals, lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), arsenic (As), and aluminum (Al), in six species, namely, () () (), (), () (), collected from the El-Obour fish market in Egypt.

Non-invasive Characterization of Glycosuria and Identification of Biomarkers in Diabetic Urine Using Fluorescence Spectroscopy and Machine Learning Algorithm.

The current study presents a steadfast, simple, and efficient approach for the non-invasive determination of glycosuria of diabetes mellitus using fluorescence spectroscopy. A Xenon arc lamp emitting light in the range of 200-950 nm was used as an excitation source for recording the fluorescent spectra from the urine samples. A consistent fluorescence emission peak of glucose at 450 nm was found in all samples for an excitation wavelength of 370 nm.

Biofilm-Producing Ability of Obtained from Surfaces and Milk of Mastitic Cows.

This study was conducted to evaluate the incidence of mastitis in 153 dairy cows and to evaluate the kinetics of adhesion of isolates obtained from surfaces and milk in comparison with the reference strain (RS), CCM 4223. The surfaces of the floor, teat cup, and cow restraints were aseptically swabbed in three replicates (n = 27). Of the total number of infected cows (n = 43), 11 samples were found to be positive for , 12 samples tested positive for non-aureus staphylococci, 6 samples tested positive for spp.

The Effects of Humic Acids on the Early Developmental Stages of African Cichlids during Artificial Breeding.

The aim of this study was to compare the effect of humic acid (HA) obtained by extraction from alginate on the incubation of roes and fry development in African cichlids, , as well as their influence on the stabilization of the physicochemical parameters of water in an aquarium during artificial breeding. The roes were obtained by extruding from a female buccal cavity immediately after fertilization. For the experiment, 4 groups of 40 roes were formed in an incubator with an artificial hatchery.

Modulation of Immunity, Antioxidant Status, Performance, Blood Hematology, and Intestinal Histomorphometry in Response to Dietary Inclusion of in Domestic Pigeons' Diet.

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of adding (OM) powder to domestic pigeon diets on growth performance, feeding and drinking behaviour, blood hematology, blood biochemical parameters, blood inflammatory and oxidative markers, carcass characteristics, the weights of lymphoid organs, and and intestinal cecal, and bursa of Fabricius histology. A random distribution of fifty-four unsexed pigeon squabs (30 days old, average body weight; 321 g ± 7.5) into three groups was done.

Metrologically sound comparison of trace-metal levels in sea cucumber tissues from different species and habitats.

Sea cucumbers are indicators of metal contamination in sea bottoms due to their low mobility and feeding behaviour. Comparing contaminations of specimens from different locations, habitats, and/or organs allows understanding of contamination processes and differences. However, the interpretation of these data is affected by the variability of contamination levels in specimens, the uncertainty of tissue analyses, and the complex correlation of mass fractions estimated by using the same calibration of the used instrumental method of analysis.

Ameliorative effect of biosynthesized titanium dioxide nanoparticles using garlic extract on the body weight and developmental toxicity of liver in albino rats compared with chemically synthesized nanoparticles.

The application of metallic nanoparticles poses risks to human and animal health. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiONPs) are the most commonly synthesized metallic oxides in the world. Exposure to TiONPs can cause toxicity in the target organisms.

Health risk assessment of organochlorine pesticide residues in edible tissue of seafood.

Fish is one of the most valuable foods with high-quality animal protein. However, aquaculture, or ingesting contaminated food, allows organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) to enter the fish's body, and therefore, it negatively impacted public health. One-hundred and twenty random samples of () () () () () and () ( = 20 each) were collected from local markets in Mansoura city, Egypt.

Effect of Dietary Microalgae () on Growth Performance, Ingestive Behavior, Hemato-Biochemical Parameters, and Economic Efficiency of Fayoumi Broilers.

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation with Spirulina platensis (SP) on the productive performance, carcass characteristics, behavior, blood serum metabolites, hematological indices, and economic efficiency of Fayoumi broiler chickens for a 56-day. In total, 120 one-day-old broiler chicks were randomly distributed among four dietary treatments with three replicates (n = 10/group) for 8 weeks. The dietary treatments were a control basal diet without SP and the same basal diets supplemented with 0.

Ameliorative Effect of Oxytocin on and Gene Expression, and Behavioral Patterns in Rats' Obesity-Induced Diabetes.

Amelioration of hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance associated with obesity is a cardinal target for therapeutics. Therefore, we investigated the relation of ( expression and hepatic () enzyme to the ameliorative impact of oxytocin on obesity-induced diabetes, suggesting glycogenolysis markers in diabetic models. Four groups of forty male Wistar rats were formed ( = 10): a control group fed basal diet and peritoneal injections of saline; an oxytocin-injected group; a diet-induced obese group fed a high-fat/high-sugar diet and injected with saline; a diet-induced obese group injected with oxytocin.

Impact of Dietary Egg Yolk IgY Powder on Behavior, Meat Quality, Physiology, and Intestinal Colonization of Broiler Chicks.

The current study investigated the impact of different concentrations of purified egg yolk immunoglobulin Y (IgY) supplemental food on the growth performance, behaviors, cecal contents of , and the meat quality of broiler chicks. Four dietary groups were given to 180 female Ross broiler chicks at random ( = 45 for each). The control group was fed a standard diet only, whereas the other three experimental groups were fed the same basic diet supplemented with 1,500, 3,000, and 4,000 μg/ml IgY for a duration of 42 days.

Estimation and Quantification of Toxic Metals in Hugely Consumed Chicken Livers by Advanced Diagnostic Approaches.

Contamination of toxins in chicken's liver is a serious concern for human health owing to related threats of cytotoxicity and general pathologies after their digestion. The quantitative investigations were accomplished by calibration curves plotted for all the detected toxins via typical samples arranged in the known concentrations in the chicken liver's matrix. The chicken liver samples were collected from the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan and found to contain heavy metals like Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn.

Development of laser induced breakdown spectroscopy technique to study irrigation water quality impact on nutrients and toxic elements distribution in cultivated soil.

This study is focused mainly on impact of irrigation water quality in cultivated soil on distribution of essentials nutrients (Al, Mg, Ca, Fe, S, Si, Na, P, and K) and relatively toxic metals (As, Ba, Cr, Cu, Ti, Sn, Mn, Ni, and Zn) using an elegant Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) technique. A pulsed Nd:YAG laser operating at 1064 nm in conjunction with suitable detector was applied to record soil emission spectra. The abundance of these elements were evaluated via standard calibration curve Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (CC-LIBS) and calibration free Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (CF-LIBS) approaches.

Factors Behind the Higher COVID-19 Risk in Diabetes: A Critical Review.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are public health issues worldwide, and their comorbidities trigger the progress to severe disease and even death in such patients. Globally, DM has affected an estimated 9.3% adults, and as of April 18, 2021, the World Health Organization (WHO) has confirmed 141,727,940 COVID-19 confirmed cases.

Nutritional and toxic elemental analysis of dry fruits using laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES).

Quantitative investigation of essential and trace heavy elements present in health-beneficial dry fruits (Pistachio, Almonds, Black walnut, White walnut, and Cashew) was investigated using Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy. For an accurate elemental exposure using LIBS technique, the local thermo-dynamical equilibrium of the laser induced plasma was established and verified using McWhirter criterion based on the electron number density in the plasma. Earlier to engage, our LIBS detector was optimized.

Forced exercise activates the NrF2 pathway in the striatum and ameliorates motor and behavioral manifestations of Parkinson's disease in rotenone-treated rats.

Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive loss of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons leading to dopamine depletion and problems of movement, emotions, and cognition. While the pathogenesis of PD is not clear, damage of dopaminergic neurons by oxygen-derived free radicals is considered an important contributing mechanism. This study aimed to evaluate the role of treadmill exercise in male Wister rats as a single treatment and as an aid-therapy with L-dopa for rotenone-induced PD.

Detection of nutritional and toxic elements in Pakistani pepper powders using laser induced breakdown spectroscopy.

In the current study, we applied laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) to determine the elemental distribution of nutritional and trace heavy metals in pepper powders available in Pakistan using the standard calibration curve of laser induced breakdown spectroscopic (CC-LIBS) technique. The samples were found to contain elements such as K, Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, Zn, Al, Pb, Cu, and Cr. In addition, we also identified the atmospheric H-alpha line of hydrogen in the spectra, which was used to estimate the electron number density.