Three-Dimensional Quantitative Tumor Response and Survival Analysis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients Who Failed Initial Transarterial Chemoembolization: Repeat or Switch Treatment?

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess treatment responses and evaluate survival outcomes between responders and non-responders after each transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) session using the 3D quantitative criteria of the European Association for the Study of the Liver (qEASL) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients.

Methods: A total of 94 consecutive patients who underwent MR imaging before and after TACE were retrospectively included. Volumetric tumor enhancement (qEASL) was expressed in cubic centimeters (cm).

Prevalence and Natural History of Coronary Ostial Aneurysms in Marfan Patients.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and natural history of coronary ostial aneurysms in Marfan patients with aortic root replacement.

Methods: Thirty-one Marfan patients (mean age, 33.7 ± 11.

Metal Artifact Reduction Computed Tomography of Arthroplasty Implants: Effects of Combined Modeled Iterative Reconstruction and Dual-Energy Virtual Monoenergetic Extrapolation at Higher Photon Energies.

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of combined virtual monoenergetic extrapolation (VME) of dual-energy computed tomography data and iterative metal artifact reduction (iMAR) at higher photon energies on low- and high-density metal artifacts and overall image quality of the ankle arthroplasty implants with iMAR, weighted filtered back projection (WFBP), and WFBP-based VME.

Materials And Methods: Total ankle arthroplasty implants in 6 human cadaver ankles served as surrogates for arthroplasty implants. All specimens underwent computed tomography with a 2 × 192-slice dual-source computed tomography scanner at tube voltages of 80 and tin-filtered 150 kVp to produce mixed 120 kVp equivalent polychromatic and virtual monoenergetic extrapolated images at 150 and 190 keV (VME 150 and VME 190, respectively).

Carotid Artery Tortuosity Index Is Associated With the Need for Early Aortic Root Replacement in Patients With Loeys-Dietz Syndrome.

Objective: This study aimed to determine if carotid arterial tortuosity represents a marker of disease severity in Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS).

Methods: Fifty-four 54 LDS patients (mean age, 17.0 years) who underwent computed tomogram angiography from January 2004 to December 2013 were retrospectively identified.

Characteristics of a New X-Ray Imaging System for Interventional Procedures: Improved Image Quality and Reduced Radiation Dose.

Purpose: To compare image quality and radiation exposure between a new angiographic imaging system and the preceding generation system during uterine artery embolization (UAE).

Materials And Methods: In this retrospective, IRB-approved two-arm study, 54 patients with symptomatic uterine fibroids were treated with UAE on two different angiographic imaging systems. The new system includes optimized acquisition parameters and real-time image processing algorithms.

Endovascular management of fusiform aneurysms in the posterior circulation: the era of flow diversion.

Fusiform aneurysms are uncommon compared with their saccular counterparts, yet they remain very challenging to treat and are associated with high rates of rebleeding and morbidity. Lack of a true aneurysm neck renders simple clip reconstruction or coil embolization usually impossible, and more advanced techniques are required, including bypass, stent-assisted coiling, and, more recently, flow diversion. In this article, the authors review posterior circulation fusiform aneurysms, including pathogenesis, natural history, and endovascular treatment, including the role of flow diversion.

Gestational Trophoblastic Disease: Clinical and Imaging Features.

Gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) is a spectrum of both benign and malignant gestational tumors, including hydatidiform mole (complete and partial), invasive mole, choriocarcinoma, placental site trophoblastic tumor, and epithelioid trophoblastic tumor. The latter four entities are referred to as gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN). These conditions are aggressive with a propensity to widely metastasize.

Improved Visibility of Metastatic Disease in the Liver During Intra-Arterial Therapy Using Delayed Arterial Phase Cone-Beam CT.

Purpose: To compare the visibility of liver metastases on dual-phase cone-beam CT (DP-CBCT) and digital subtraction angiography (DSA), with reference to preinterventional contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (CE-MRI) of the liver.

Methods: This IRB-approved, retrospective study included 28 patients with neuroendocrine (NELM), colorectal (CRCLM), or sarcoma (SLM) liver metastases who underwent DP-CBCT during intra-arterial therapy (IAT) between 01/2010 and 10/2014. DP-CBCT was acquired after a single contrast agent injection in the tumor-feeding arteries at early and delayed arterial phases (EAP and DAP).

Prostate Brachytherapy seed migration to the Bladder presenting with Gross Hematuria.

We present the radiologic findings in a case of prostate brachytherapy seed migration to the bladder presenting as gross hematuria. While prostate brachytherapy seed implantation is considered a relatively safe procedure, migration is not uncommon; however, it is usually clinically silent and the seeds most commonly migrate to the lungs through the venous circulation via the periprostatic venous plexus. Our case illustrates that local erosion is possible, can be symptomatic, and therefore must be considered when evaluating select patients.