The Use of Cefiderocol in Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections at International Medical Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

Background/objectives: The necessity for ground-breaking treatments for Gram-negative infections is evident. The World Health Organization, the Infectious Diseases Society of America, and the European Commission have highlighted the critical insufficiency of efficient antibiotics, urging pharmaceutical businesses to manufacture new antibiotics. Therefore, developing new antibiotics with broad efficacy against Gram-negative pathogens is essential.

Retrospective analysis of Acinetobacter baumannii bacteraemia risk factors, complications and mortality in a tertiary university hospital in Saudi Arabia.

There are many multidrug-resistant isolates of the nosocomial pathogen, , causing severe healthcare-acquired infections in terminally ill patients with high mortality and morbidity rates. This study aims to retrospectively analyse bacteraemia (ABB) cases in Saudi Arabia, where the information is sparse regarding the prevalence, risk factors, clinical disease, antibiotic regimen, antibiotic susceptibility, treatment outcomes and mortality associated with this infection. A retrospective chart review was conducted between 1 January 2015 and 31 December 2022 to identify all patients aged 14 years and above with ABB.

Native and prosthetic septic arthritis in a university hospital in Saudi Arabia: A retrospective study.

Background: Septic arthritis, whether native or prosthetic, poses a significant challenge in clinical practice due to its potentially devastating consequences. Despite its clinical importance, there remains a dearth of comprehensive studies and standardized diagnostic criteria, particularly in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Aim: To investigate the epidemiology, microbiological profiles, and clinical characteristics of native and prosthetic septic joints in the Saudi Arabian population.

Surveillance and Prediction of Risk Factors for Central Line-Associated Bloodstream Infections in Saudi Arabia.

Background: Although central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) is the most common type of healthcare-associated infection among patients with inserted devices, few studies have comprehensively evaluated the related risk factors.

Objective: This retrospective study analyzed the risk factors, predictors, causative organisms, and impact of CLABSI on clinical outcomes mortality, and length of stay (LOS) in older adults.

Methods: We included 36 patients diagnosed with CLABSI according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria at King Abdulaziz University Hospital during 2013-2014 cases and 375 control patients controls.

Clinical Disease and Outcomes of Group B Streptococcus Bloodstream Infections at a Teaching Hospital in Saudi Arabia From 2015 to 2022.

Background Invasive disease due to group B (GBS) infection in adult males and nonpregnant females can cause various diseases, such as primary bacteremia, endocarditis, skin and soft tissue infection (SSTI), and meningitis. Especially in older people, invasive GBS infection has a high case fatality rate. In Saudi Arabia, little is known about the clinical signs and symptoms of GBS bacteremia and the associated risk factors and mortality rate.

Clinical Disease and Outcomes of Invasive Staphylococcus lugdunensis Infection in a University Hospital in Saudi Arabia.

Background is a pathogen that can cause various diseases in humans, of which bacteremia and infective endocarditis have been described most extensively. In Saudi Arabia, reports of  infection are extremely rare, and no studies have reported antibiotic susceptibility. The objective of this study was to determine clinical disease, potential risk factors, susceptibility pattern, and 30-day mortality.

Impact of a multidisciplinary antimicrobial stewardship program on antibiotic utilization and clinical outcomes at a tertiary hospital in Saudi Arabia: a quasi-experimental study.

Background: This study aims to assess the impact of a multidisciplinary antimicrobial stewardship program (ASP) intervention on various metrics.

Methods: A quasi-experimental study was performed on non-ICU patients for whom a restricted antibiotic was ordered. In September 2020, a prospective audit and feedback was implemented involving infectious disease clinical pharmacists, utilization of electronic resources, and improved documentation.

A retrospective study of Aeromonas hydrophila infections at a university tertiary hospital in Saudi Arabia.

Background: Aeromonas hydrophila can cause a wide range of diseases and is mainly found in patients with underlying diseases. Globally the data on Aeromonas infections is limited, and no studies have been published about the situation in Saudi Arabia. The aim of this study was to investigate the risk factors, clinical presentation, treatment, and outcomes of Aeromonas infections in Saudi Arabia.

Risk factors and mortality of the newly emerging in a university hospital in Saudi Arabia.

presents a global health threat. We investigated risk factors and mortality of infections in a retrospective study in Saudi Arabia. We included 27 patients ≥14  with invasive from 2015-2022, with median age 58, and 66.

Association of blood group with COVID-19 disease susceptibility and severity in Saudi Arabia.

Background: Novel SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) virus has rapidly spread worldwide and was declared a pandemic, making identifying and prioritizing individuals most at risk a critical challenge. The literature describes an association between blood groups and the susceptibility to various viral infections and their severity. Knowing if a specific blood group has more susceptibility to COVID-19 may help improve understanding the pathogenesis and severity of the disease.

COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and associated factors among people living with HIV in the Middle East and North Africa region.

Background: Identifying coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine acceptance and associated factors among people living with HIV (PLHIV) in the Middle East and North Africa region is important to meet the need for broad-scale vaccination against COVID-19.

Objectives: To investigate the COVID-19 vaccine acceptance rate and factors among PLHIV in the Middle East and North Africa region.

Method: An online cross-sectional survey was conducted among PLHIV currently living in Egypt, Tunisia and Saudi Arabia between March 2021 and August 2021.

A Direct Method for RT-PCR Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Clinical Samples.

Introduction: the emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a global pandemic of acute respiratory disease (COVID-19). SARS-CoV-2 is a positive-strand RNA virus and its genomic characterization has played a vital role in the design of appropriate diagnostics tests. The current RT-PCR protocol for SARS-CoV-2 detects two regions of the viral genome, requiring RNA extraction and several hours.

Dominance of the ON1 Genotype of RSV-A and BA9 Genotype of RSV-B in Respiratory Cases from Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

Human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) is a main cause of hospital admission for lower respiratory tract infection. In previous studies from Saudi Arabia, higher prevalence of the NA1 genotype in group A was observed from Riyadh and Taif. This study recruited respiratory cases from Jeddah during January to December, 2017.

Seroprevalence of Dromedary Camel HEV in Domestic and Imported Camels from Saudi Arabia.

Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) imposes a major health concern in areas with very poor sanitation in Africa and Asia. The pathogen is transmitted mainly through ingesting contaminated water or food, coming into contact with affected people, and blood transfusions. Very few reports including old reports are available on the prevalence of HEV in Saudi Arabia in humans and no reports exist on HEV prevalence in camels.

Non-O1/non-O139 septicaemia in a Saudi man: a case report.

The non-O1/non-O139 serogroups of occur in diverse natural niches, and usually cause mild and self-limiting gastrointestinal illness. However, they have well-documented potential to cause invasive and extra-intestinal infections among immunocompromised patients. Furthermore, their ability to grow in low-salinity surface water, and the existence of asymptomatic human carriers, suggest novel acquisition routes for this unusual infection, even in people without obvious risk factors.

Amoeboma in a Saudi resident: a case report.

Introduction: Amoebiasis is the third most frequent cause of mortality after malaria and schistosomiasis. In developed countries, amebiasis is also seen in migrants who have travelled to endemic areas. The factors responsible for its progression from intestinal amebiasis to an amebic liver abscess are not fully understood.

Case Report of Necrotizing Fasciitis Associated with Streptococcus pneumoniae.

Necrotizing fasciitis, caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, is an extremely rare and life-threatening bacterial soft tissue infection. We report a case of early necrotizing fasciitis associated with Streptococcus pneumoniae infection in a 26-year-old man who was immunocompromised with mixed connective tissue disease. The patient presented with acute, painful, erythematous, and edematous skin lesions of his right lower back, which rapidly progressed to the right knee.

Vancomycin-resistant enterococcus (VRE) transmission and risk factors in contacts of VRE carriers.

During a 2-year period, the vancomycin-resistant enterococcus (VRE) acquisition rate was 10.9% (40/368) in patients who had shared a room with a newly detected VRE carrier. Exposure to vancomycin and to anti-anaerobic antibiotics were identified as independent risk factors for VRE acquisition.

Impact of antimicrobial stewardship in critical care: a systematic review.

Objectives: To evaluate the current state of evidence for antimicrobial stewardship interventions in the critical care unit.

Methods: We performed a systematic search of OVID MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane electronic databases from 1996-2010. Studies were included if they involved any experimental intervention to improve antimicrobial utilization in the critical care setting.