Intermittent Fasting Ameliorates Age-Induced Morphological Changes in Aged Albino Rat Kidney via Autophagy Activation and Reduction of Apoptosis and Inflammation.

Aging is a biological process with gradual decrease of cell function. Kidneys are one of the organs with higher susceptibility to the development of age-dependent tissue damage. Intermittent fasting has several beneficial effects on age-related degenerative changes.

Sacubitril/valsartan protective effect on induced intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury via immune modulation of IL6/STAT1 pathway.

Objectives: Intestinal ischemia reperfusion (IIR) is a critical emergency situation that needs immediate intervention. Small intestine is one of the most sensitive tissues to IR injury and it remains a highly morbid condition, with reported mortality rates ranging from 30% to 90%. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the suspected protective role of sacubitril/valsartan (SAC/VAL) on IIR injury.

Mesenchymal-Stem Cell-Derived Conditioned Media Versus Exosomes in the Treatment of Rat Model of Polycystic Ovary: An Attempt to Understand the Underlying Mechanisms (Biochemical and Histological Study).

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine and reproductive disorders throughout female reproductive age. Cell free therapy [conditioned media (CM) & exosomes (EXO)] is a promising approach in regenerative medicine. This study aimed to compare between the therapeutic effects of stem cell-derived CM and exosomes on induced animal model of polycystic ovary.

Neuroprotective effect of quercetin nanoparticles: A possible prophylactic effect in cerebellar neurodegenerative disorders.

Memory deficit, anxiety, coordination deficit and depression are common neurological disorders attributed to aluminum (Al) buildup in the nervous system. Quercetin nanoparticles (QNPs) are a newly developed effective neuroprotectant. We aimed to investigate the potential protective and therapeutic effects of QNPs in Al induced toxicity in rat cerebellum.

Empagliflozin Protects against Haloperidol Experimentally-Induced Ovarian Toxicity.

The present experiment aimed to identify the potential protective role of empagliflozin (EMPA) on haloperidol (HAL)-induced ovarian damage in female rats because of its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiapoptotic effects. EMPA was administered in the presence and absence of HAL. Thirty-two adult female albino rats were divided into four groups.

Diacerein modulates TLR4/ NF-κB/IL-1β and TRPC1/CHOP signalling pathways in gentamicin-induced parotid toxicity in rats.

The present study aimed to identify the possible protective effect of diacerein (DIA) on gentamicin (GNT)-induced parotid toxicity in rats. DIA was administered in the presence and absence of GNT. Thirty-two Wistar adult male rats were randomly arranged into four groups: control, DIA (50 mg/kg/day), GNT (100 mg/kg) and GNT+DIA groups for 8 days.

Exercise ameliorates hippocampal damage induced by Wi-Fi radiation; a biochemical, histological, and immunohistochemical study.

Introduction: Nowadays, using electromagnetic devices (EMD) has been increased. However, the control of EMD hazards was poorly evaluated, especially those affected the hippocampus. Regular physical exercises are safe, easily, inexpensive, and acceptable for long-term use.

Dapagliflozin Guards Against Cadmium-Induced Cardiotoxicity via Modulation of IL6/STAT3 and TLR2/TNFα Signaling Pathways.

Cadmium (Cd) is a common environmental pollutant that leads to severe cardiotoxic hazards. Several studies were carried out to protect the myocardium against Cd-induced cardiotoxicity. Up till now, no researches evaluated the protective effect of dapagliflozin (DAP) against Cd induced cardiotoxicity.

Dose-dependent ameliorating effect of lipoxin A4 on gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats: The role of TNFα, TGF-β, ICAM-1, and JNK signaling.

Gentamicin (GEN) possesses a broad range of antimicrobial effects. However, it belongs to the aminoglycosides, and has the greatest potential for nephrotoxic effect above all other antibiotics from this group. This study aims to evaluate the possible protective effect of lipoxin A4 (LXA4) against GEN-induced nephrotoxicity in rats.

Involvement of NOX-4/JAK/STAT pathway in the protective effect of aprepitant against diclofenac-induced renal toxicity.

Aims: Aprepitant, a neurokinin-1 (NK1) receptor antagonist, is a clinically approved anti-emetic drug. Recently, inhibition of the NK1 receptor has been reported as a potential nephroprotective strategy. We aimed to assess the pharmacological mechanisms of aprepitant against diclofenac (DIC)-induced renal toxicity.

Protective mechanisms of telmisartan against hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats may involve PPARγ-induced TLR4/NF-κB suppression.

Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) is an important cause of liver damage in many clinical situations. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) is an inflammatory pathway activated in hepatic I/R injury. Telmisartan, a selective angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ) partial agonist, can inhibit the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines.

Canagliflozin, an SGLT-2 inhibitor, ameliorates acetic acid-induced colitis in rats through targeting glucose metabolism and inhibiting NOX2.

Background: Inflammatory bowel disease is defined as chronic noninfectious inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, including ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Its incidence and predominance have increased globally, with no effective agents for preventing its recurrence or treatment until now.

Aim: The current study aimed to investigate the possible role of canagliflozin (CANA), a sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitor (SGLT-2), to prevent and treat acetic acid (AA)-induced colitis in a rat model.

Differential synovial tissue expression of TLRs in seropositive and seronegative rheumatoid arthritis: A preliminary report.

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are known to have an important role in triggering the innate immune response and in priming antigen-specific adaptive immunity and inflammation. The differences in synovial tissue expression of the TLRs between seronegative and seropositive rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were examined from 9 seropositive RA, 5 seronegative RA and 4 osteoarthritis (OA) patients. Synovitis status was assessed using Krenn's scoring and TLR 1-9 expression by immunohistochemistry.

Neuroprotective effect of quercetin nanoparticles: A possible prophylactic and therapeutic role in alzheimer's disease.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia in elderly. Quercetin is a well-known flavonoid with low bioavailability. Recently, quercetin nanoparticles (QNPs) has been shown to have a better bioavailability.

Empagliflozin alleviates neuronal apoptosis induced by cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury through HIF-1α/VEGF signaling pathway.

Ischemic stroke is a serious condition associated with severe functional disability and high mortality, however; effective therapy remains elusive. Empagliflozin, a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor, has been shown to exert additional non-glycemic benefits including anti-apoptotic effects in different disease settings. Thereby, this study was designed to investigate the ameliorative effect of empagliflozin on the neuronal apoptosis exhibited in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) in a rat model targeting HIF-1α/VEGF signaling which is involved in this insult.

Possible mechanisms mediating the protective effect of cilostazol in L-arginine induced acute pancreatitis in rats: role of cGMP, cAMP, and HO-1.

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is an inflammatory disorder with a high mortality rate. Cilostazol is a selective phosphodiesterase-3 inhibitor drug that is commonly used as an antiplatelet, antithrombotic, and vasodilator drug. It exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic activities, but its effect on AP has not been fully elucidated yet.

Paeonol Attenuates Methotrexate-Induced Cardiac Toxicity in Rats by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress and Suppressing TLR4-Induced NF-B Inflammatory Pathway.

Methotrexate (MTX) is a commonly used chemotherapeutic agent. Oxidative stress and inflammation have been proved in the development of MTX toxicity. Paeonol is a natural phenolic compound with various pharmacological activities including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.

Empagliflozin attenuates transient cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in hyperglycemic rats via repressing oxidative-inflammatory-apoptotic pathway.

Hyperglycemia is one of the ischemic neuronal damage triggers that exacerbate the response to oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis induced by cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Empagliflozin, a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT 2) inhibitor, was shown to effectively reduce hyperglycemia and glucotoxicity besides improving glycemic control in diabetics. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the neuroprotective effect of empagliflozin against cerebral I/R injury in hyperglycemic rats.

Cardioprotective effect of hemin in isoprenaline-induced myocardial infarction: role of ATP-sensitive potassium channel and endothelial nitric oxide synthase.

Ischemic heart disease is a common cardiac health problem. Despite the significant advances in prevention and treatment of this disorder, its incidences and complications are very serious. So, the search for more antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents with cardioprotective effects is an urgent task.

Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural evidence for telocytes in the different physiological stages of the female rat mammary gland.

Introduction: Telocytes (TCs) are recently described to integrate a variety of different cells.

Aim Of The Work: The aim was to investigate the presence of TCs in the rat mammary gland at its different physiological stages.

Material And Methods: Twenty four adult female albino rats were classified into 4 groups: resting, mid-pregnancy, lactating, and involution groups.

Impact of renal ischemia/reperfusion injury on the rat Kupffer cell as a remote cell: A biochemical, histological, immunohistochemical, and electron microscopic study.

Almost all transplanted solid organs are exposed to some degree of ischemia-reperfusion (IR) damage. It is interesting to know that this IR damage affects various remote tissues including the liver and resulted in serious adverse effects. Liver injury triggers different responses of liver tissue especially Kupffer cells (KCs).

Preventive effect of omega-3 fatty acids in a rat model of stress-induced liver injury.

Omega-3 fatty acids are gaining attention as a therapeutic agent of many diseases. Their protective effect in a variety of diseases has been demonstrated. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study on omega-3 fatty acids related to acute cold-restraint stress (CRS) induced hepatic dysfunction in rats.

Proinsulin C-peptide as an alternative or combined treatment with insulin for management of testicular dysfunction and fertility impairments in streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetic male rats.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is closely associated with male infertility and sexual dysfunction. Recent data indicate that the proinsulin C-peptide (CP) exerts important physiological effects and shows the characteristics of an endogenous peptide hormone. So, this study was done to investigate the effect of C-peptide with or without insulin treatment on testicular function and architecture in diabetic rats.